Cell: The Unit of Life (last 10 years) Flashcards
- The concept of “Omnis cellula-e cellula” regarding cell division was first proposed by (2019)
a. Rudolf Virchow
b. Theodor Schwann
c. Schleiden
d. Aristotle
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 88
a. Rudolf Virchow
NCERT
Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the
cell theory.
This theory however, did not explain as to how new cells were formed.
Rudolf Virchow (1855) first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells
(Omnis cellula-e cellula).
He modified the hypothesis of Schleiden and Schwann to give the cell theory a final shape.
Cell theory as understood today is:
(i) all living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
(ii) all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
REMEMBER
Rudolf Virchow (1855) = “Omnis cellula-e cellula”
- Cellular organelles with membranes are: (2015 Re)
a. Chromosomes, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
b. Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nuclei
c. Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
d. Nuclei, ribosome and mitochondria
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96 and 97
c. Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
NCERT
Lysosomes
These are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus - couldn’t find it
Mitochondria
Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner
membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into two aqueous compartments,
i.e., the outer compartment and the inner compartment.
REMEMBER
1. Lysosomes
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Mitochondria are cellular organelles with membranes
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria have membranes
- Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell? (2015 Re)
a. Ribosome
b. Mesosome
c. Plasma membrane
d. Nuclear envelope
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 90
d. Nuclear envelope
NCERT
There is no well-defined nucleus.
Nuclear membrane is found in eukaryotes.
No organelles, like the ones in eukaryotes, are found in prokaryotic cells except for ribosomes.
REMEMBER
Nuclear envelope is not found in a prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear envelope
- Which of the following is not membrane-bound?
(2015 Re)
a. Ribosomes
b. Lysosomes
c. Mesosomes
d. Vacuoles
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 98
a. Ribosomes
NCERT
They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins and are not surrounded by any membrane
REMEMBER
RIbosomes are not surrounded by any membrane
Ribosomes are not membrane bound
- Given below are two statements: (2022)
Statement I: Mycoplasma can pass through less than 1 micron filter size.
Statement II: Mycoplasma are bacteria with cell wall
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
a. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
b. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
c. Both statement I and statement II are incorrect
d. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 89
d. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
NCERT
Can’t find Statement I
Statement II - All prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane except in mycoplasma.
REMEMBER
1. Mycoplasma can pass through less than 1 micron filter size
- Mycoplasma lack a cell wall
- Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect? (2020)
a. These are involved in ingestion of food particles.
b. They lie free in the cytoplasm
c. These represent reserve material in cytoplasm
d. They are not bound by any membrane
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
a. These are involved in ingestion of food particles.
NCERT
Inclusion bodies: Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies.
These are not bound by any membrane system and
lie free in the cytoplasm, e.g.,
phosphate granules,
cyanophycean granules and
glycogen granules.
Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and
purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.
REMEMBER
1. Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies.
- Not bound by any membrane system and
lie free in the cytoplasm
- phosphate granules
- cyanophycean granules
- glycogen granules
Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and
purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.
- Inclusion bodies of blue-green, purple and green photosynthetic bacteria are: (2020-Covid)
a. Gas vacuoles
b. Centrioles
c. Microtubules
d. Contractile vacuoles
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
a. Gas vacuoles
NCERT
Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and
purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.
REMEMBER
Inclusion bodies : blue-green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria = Gas vacuoles
- The size of Pleuropneumonia-like Organism (PPLO) is: (2020-Covid)
a. 1 - 2 μm
b. 10 - 20 μm
c. 0.1 μm
d. 0.02 μm
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 90
c. 0.1 μm
NCERT
ADD IMAGE
REMEMBER
Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms (PPLO) size is 0.1 nanometre
- Which among the following is not a prokaryote? (2018)
a. Saccharomyces
b. Mycobacterium
c. Nostoc
d. Oscillatoria
a. Saccharomyces
NCERT
COULDN’t FIND THIS
CHECK IT AGAIN
- Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such strings of ribosomes are termed as (2018)
a. Polysome
b. Polyhedral bodies
c. Plastidome
d. Nucleosome
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
a. Polysome
NCERT
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called polyribosomes or polysome.
The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
REMEMBER
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain = polyribosomes or polysome
- Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell?
[OS] (2017-Delhi)
a. Cell wall
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Plasma membrane
d. Glycocalyx
d. Glycocalyx
COULDN’T FIND IT IN NCERT
CHECK IT IN NCERT AGAIN
- Select the wrong statement: (2016 - II)
a. Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells.
b. Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism
c. Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.
d. Pilli and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
d. Pilli and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells
NCERT
Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface structures of the bacteria but do not play a role in motility.
The pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein.
The fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell.
In some bacteria, they are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues.
REMEMBER
1. Pili and Fimbriae are surface structures of the bacteria
2. Pili and Fimbriae do not play a role in motility
- Select the mismatch: (2016 - II)
a. Protists-Eukaryotes
b. Methanogens-Prokaryotes
c. Gas vacuoles-Green bacteria
d. Large central vacuoles-Animal cells
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
d. Large central vacuoles-Animal cells
NCERT
All eukaryotic cells are not identical.
Plant and animal cells are different as the former possess cell walls, plastids and a large central vacuole which
are absent in animal cells
REMEMBER
Large central vacuoles are absent in animal cells
- A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is known: (2016 - I)
a. Polysome
b. Polymer
c. Polypeptide
d. Okazaki fragment
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
a. Polysome
NCERT
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called polyribosomes or polysome.
The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins
REMEMBER
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain = polyribosomes or polysome.
A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA = polyribosomes or polysome.
- Which one of the following is not an inclusion body found in prokaryotes? (2015)
a. Glycogen granule
b. Polysome
c. Phosphate granule
d. Cyanophycean granule
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
b. Polysome
NCERT
Inclusion bodies:
Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies.
These are not bound by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm, e.g.,
phosphate granules,
cyanophycean granules and
glycogen granules.
Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.
REMEMBER
Inclusion body found in prokaryotes
1. phosphate granules,
2. cyanophycean granules and
3. glycogen granules.
- Chromatophores take part in: (2015 Re)
a. Growth
b. Movement
c. Respiration
d. Photosynthesis
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
d. Photosynthesis
NCERT
In some prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, there are other membranous extensions into the cytoplasm called chromatophores which contain pigments
REMEMBER
Chromatophores
1. Contain pigments
2. Take part in photosynthesis
Chromatophores take part in photosynthesis
- The structures that help some bacteria to attach to rocks and or host tissues are: (2015 Re)
a. Fimbriae
b. Mesosomes
c. Holdfast
d. Rhizoids
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
a. Fimbriae
NCERT
Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface structures of the bacteria but do not play a role in motility.
The pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein.
The fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell.
In some bacteria, they are known to help
attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues. (main question derived from here)
REMEMBER
In some bacteria
(Fimbriae)
They are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues
The structures that help some bacteria to attach to rocks and or host tissues are: Fimbriae
- The motile bacteria are able to move by: (2014)
a. Pili
b. Fimbriae
c. Flagella
d. Cilia
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 91
c. Flagella
NCERT
Bacterial cells may be motile or non-motile.
If motile, they have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall called flagella
REMEMBER
If the bacterial cells are motile, they have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall = flagella
- The organelles that are included in the endomembrane system are: (2021)
a. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosomes and Vacuoles.
b. Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Ribosomes and Lysosomes.
c. Golgi complex, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria and Lysosomes.
d. Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Ribosomes and Lysosomes.
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
a. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosomes and Vacuoles.
NCERT
The endomembrane system include
1. endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
2. golgi complex,
3. lysosomes and
4. vacuoles.
REMEMBER
The endomembrane system include
1. endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
2. golgi complex,
3. lysosomes and
4. vacuoles.
ALSO IN NCERT
Endomembrane System
While each of the membranous organelles is distinct in terms of its structure and function, many of these are
considered together as an endomembrane system
because their functions are coordinated.
The endomembrane system include
endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
golgi complex,
lysosomes and
vacuoles.
Since the functions of the
mitochondria,
chloroplast and
peroxisomes
are not coordinated with the above components, these are not considered as part of the endomembrane system.
- Which is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells? (2020)
a. Peroxisomes
b. Golgi bodies
c. Polysomes
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
b. Golgi bodies
NCERT
Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of
glycoproteins and glycolipids.
REMEMBER
Important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids = Golgi apparatus and golgi bodies
- Which of the following statements is not correct? (2019)
a. Lysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes.
b. The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are active under acidic pH.
c. Lysosomes are membrane bound structures.
d. Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
d. Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum.
NCERT
These are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus.
The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally
active at the acidic pH.
These enzymes are capable of digesting
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
REMEMBER - Lysosomes
These are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi complex participates in (2018)
a. Fatty acid breakdown
b. Formation of secretory vesicles
c. Respiration in bacteria
d. Activation of amino acid
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
b. Formation of secretory vesicles
NCERT
The golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.
Materials to be packaged in the form of vesicles from
the ER fuse with the cis face of the golgi apparatus and move towards the maturing face.
This explains, why the golgi apparatus remains in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
REMEMBER
The golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the
intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.
The Golgi complex participates in formation of secretory vesicles
- Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum? (2018)
a. Protein folding
b. Protein glycosylation
c. Cleavage of signal peptide
d. Phospholipid synthesis
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
d. Phospholipid synthesis
NCERT
RER is frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
They are extensive and continuous with the outer
membrane of the nucleus.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site for synthesis of lipid.
In animal cells lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesised in SER.
REMEMBER
SER
- Synthesis of lipid
RER
- Involved in protein synthesis and secretion
- A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is: (2016 - II)
a. Ribosome
b. Mesosome
c. Lysosome
d. Microsome
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
c. Lysosome
NCERT
These are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus.
The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases)
optimally active at the acidic pH.
These enzymes are capable of digesting
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
REMEMBER
The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases)
A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is lysosome
Lysosomes = Hydrolytic enzymes
- Select the correct matching in the following pairs: (2015)
a. Rough ER – Synthesis of glycogen
b. Rough ER – Oxidation of fatty acids
c. Smooth ER – Oxidation of phospholipids
d. Smooth ER – Synthesis of lipids
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
d. Smooth ER – Synthesis of lipids
NCERT
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major
site for synthesis of lipid.
In animal cells lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesised in SER.
REMEMBER
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Synthesis of lipid
- The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is chiefly regulated by: (2014)
a. Ribosomes
b. Mitochondria
c. Vacuoles
d. Plastids
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
c. Vacuoles
NCERT
In Amoeba the contractile vacuole is important for osmoregulation and excretion.
In many cells, as in protists, food vacuoles are formed by
engulfing the food particles.
REMEMBER
In Amoeba the contractile vacuole is important for osmoregulation and excretion.
The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is chiefly regulated by vacuoles
Amoeba = contractile vacuole = important for
osmoregulation and excretion
- Which one of the following organelle in the figure correctly matches with its function? (2013)
(insert an image)
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, formation of glycoproteins
c. Golgi apparatus, protein synthesis
d. Golgi apparatus, formation of glycolipids
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis
Add an image
RER is frequently observed in the cells actively
involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
They are extensive and continuous with the outer
membrane of the nucleus
REMEMBER
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Protein synthesis
Also,
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Synthesis of lipid
- A major site for synthesis of lipids is: (2013)
a. Nucleoplasm
b. RER
c. SER
d. Symplast
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
c. SER
NCERT
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major
site for synthesis of lipid.
In animal cells lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesised in SER.
REMEMBER
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Major site for synthesis of lipids
- The Golgi complex plays a major role: (2013)
a. In post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids
b. In trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy
c. In digesting proteins and carbohydrates
d. As energy transferring organelles
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
a. In post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids
NCERT
Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of
glycoproteins and glycolipids
REMEMBER
Golgi apparatus
Important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids
- Which of the following pair of organelles does not contain DNA? (2019)
a. Mitochondria and Lysosomes
b. Chloroplast and Vacuoles
c. Lysosomes and Vacuoles
d. Nuclear envelope and Mitochondria
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 96
c. Lysosomes and Vacuoles
SEE THIS QUESTION AND ANSWER AGAIN
- Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect? [OS] (2019)
a. Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
b. Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane.
c. Inner membrane is convoluted with infoldings.
d. Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes.
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 97
b. Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane.
NCERT - see this question again
A. Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
(STILL NOT MENTIONED)
B. NOT MENTIONED ANYWHERE
C. The inner membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae (sing.: crista) towards the matrix
(Figure 8.7) - insert an image
D. The matrix also possesses single circular DNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, ribosomes (70S) and the components required for the synthesis of proteins
REMEMBER
Inner membrane of the mitochondria forms a number of infoldings = cristae
The mitochondrial matrix possesses
1. single circular DNA molecule,
2. a few RNA molecules,
3. ribosomes (70S) and the
4. components required for the synthesis of proteins
- Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP? (2017-Delhi)
a. Lysosome
b. Ribosome
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondrion
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 97
d. Mitochondrion
NCERT
They produce cellular energy in the form
of ATP, hence they are called ‘power houses’ of the cell.
REMEMBER
Mitochondria
- produce cellular energy in the form ATP
- power house of the cell
Mitochondrion is a cell organelle which is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP
- Mitochondria and chloroplast are
A. Semi-autonomous organelles
B. Formed by division of pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein synthesizing machinery
Which one of the following options is correct? (2016-I)
a. Both (A) and (B) are correct
b. (B) is true but (A) is false
c. (A) is true but (B) is false
d. Both (A) and (B) are false
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 97-98
c. (A) is true but (B) is false
NCERT
A. Semi-autonomous organelles
B. The mitochondiral matrix also possesses
1. single circular DNA molecule,
2. a few RNA molecules,
3. ribosomes (70S) and the
4. components required for the synthesis of proteins
B. The stroma of the chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins.
It also contains small, double stranded circular DNA molecules and ribosomes.
REMEMBER
A. Mitochondria and chloroplast are semi-autonomous organelles
B. Mitochondria and chloroplast
- synthesis of proteins
B. The mitochondiral matrix also possesses
1. single circular DNA molecule,
2. a few RNA molecules,
3. ribosomes (70S) and the
4. components required for the synthesis of proteins
B. The stroma of the chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins.
It also contains small, double stranded circular DNA molecules and ribosomes.
- The structures that are formed by stacking of organized flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are: (2015)
a. Stroma lamellae
b. Stroma
c. Cristae
d. Grana
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 98
d. Grana
NCERT
insert an image
Like mitochondria, the chloroplasts are also double membrane bound.
Of the two, the inner chloroplast membrane is relatively less permeable.
The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the stroma.
A number of organised flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids, are present in the stroma (Figure 8.8).
Thylakoids are arranged in stacks like the piles of coins called grana (singular: granum) or the
intergranal thylakoids.
REMEMBER
A number of organised flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids, are present in the stroma (Figure 8.8).
Thylakoids are arranged in stacks like the piles of coins called grana (singular: granum) or the
intergranal thylakoids.
The structures that are formed by stacking of organized flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are: Grana
- DNA is not present in: (2015)
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Chloroplast
d. Ribosomes
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 98
d. Ribosomes
NCERT - see the question again
Insert an image
Ribosomes are the granular structures first observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade (1953).
They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins and are not surrounded by any membrane.
The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S while the
prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.
Each ribosome has two subunits, larger and smaller subunits (Fig 8.9).
The two subunits of 80S ribosomes are 60S and 40S while
that of 70S ribosomes are 50S and 30S.
Here ‘S’ (Svedberg’s Unit) stands for the sedimentation coefficient; it is indirectly a measure of density and size.
Both 70S and 80S ribosomes are composed of two subunits.
REMEMBER
DNA is not present in: Ribosomes
- Which structures perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria? (2014)
a. Mesosomes
b. Nucleoid
c. Ribosomes
d. Cell wall
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 90
a. Mesosomes
NCERT
A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called mesosome is the characteristic of prokaryotes.
They are essentially infoldings of cell membrane
A special membranous structure is the mesosome which is formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cell.
These extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae.
They help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and
distribution to daughter cells.
They also help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content.
REMEMBER
Mesosomes perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria
- Match the following columns and select the correct option: (2020-Covid)
Column-I Column-II
A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum i. Protein
synthesis
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum ii. Lipid
synthesis
C. Golgi complex iii. Glycosylation
D. Centriole iv. Spindle formation
(A) (B) (C) (D) a. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) b. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii) c. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) d. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95 - 96 summary
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
A Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum = ii. Lipid synthesis
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum = i. Protein synthesis
C. Golgi complex = iii. Glycosylation
D. Centriole = iv. Spindle formation
NCERT
A. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major
site for synthesis of lipid.
B. RER is frequently observed in the cells actively
involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
C. Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of
glycoproteins and glycolipids.
D. In animal cells, centrioles also form spindle apparatus during cell division.
REMEMBER
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
synthesis of lipid
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
protein synthesis
C. Golgi complex/ Golgi apparatus
glycosylation / formation of
glycoproteins and glycolipids.
D. Centriole
Spindle apparatus / spindle formation
- Microtubules are the constituents of: (2016-I)
a. Cilia, Flagella and Peroxisomes
b. Spindle fibres, Centrioles and Cilia
c. Centrioles, Spindle fibres and Chromatin
d. Centrosome, Nucleosome and Centrioles
b. Spindle fibres, Centrioles and Cilia
COULDN’T FIND IT IN NCERT - CHECK AGAIN
UNDERSTAND THIS
- The solid linear cytoskeleton elements having a diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as: [OS] (2014)
a. Lamins
b. Microtubules
c. Microfilaments
d. Intermediate filaments
c. Microfilaments
COULDN’T FIND IT IN NCERT
DIDN’T WRITE IT DOWN
CHECK THIS QUESTION
- Match the following and select the correct answer: (2014)
A. Centriole i. Infoldings in mitochondria
B. Chlorophyll ii. Thylakoids
C. Cristae iii. Nucleic acids
D. Ribozymes iv. Basal body cilia or flagella
a. A-iv B-iii C-i D-ii
b. A-iv B-ii C-i D-iii
c. A-i B-ii C-iv D-iii
d. A-i B-iii C-ii D-iv
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / summary / 98 / 97
b. A-iv B-ii C-i D-iii
A. Centriole = iv. Basal body cilia or flagella
B. Chlorophyll = ii. Thylakoids
C. Cristae = i. Infoldings in mitochondria
D. Ribozymes = iii. Nucleic acids
(COULDN’T FIND IT IN NCERT)
NCERT
A. Centrosome and centriole form the basal body of cilia and flagella that facilitate locomotion
B. Chlorophyll pigments are present in the thylakoids
C. The inner (mitochondrial) membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae (sing.: crista) towards the matrix
D. Ribozymes = iii. Nucleic acids
REMEMBER
A. Centriole = Basal body of cilia and flagella
B. Chlorophyll = Thylakoids
C. Cristae = i. Infoldings in mitochondria
D. Ribozymes = iii. Nucleic acids
- Match List-I with List-II. (2022)List-I List-II
A. Metacentric chromosome: i. Centromere situated
close to the end
forming one extremely
short and one very
long arms
B. Acrocentric chromosome: ii. Centromere at the
terminal end
C. Submetacentric: iii. Centromere in the
middle forming two
equal arms of
chromosomes
D. Telocentric chromosome: iv. Centromere slightly
away from the middle
forming one shorter
arm and one longer
arm
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
a. A-i B-ii C-iii D-iv
b. A-iii B-i C-iv D-ii
c. A-i B-iii C-ii D-iv
d. A-ii B-iii C-iv D-i
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 101
b. A-iii B-i C-iv D-ii
A. Metacentric chromosome:
iii. Centromere in the middle forming two equal arms of
chromosomes
B. Acrocentric chromosome:
i. Centromere situated close to the end forming one
extremely short and one very long arms
C. Submetacentric:
iv. Centromere slightly away from the middle forming one
shorter arm and one longer arm
D. Telocentric chromosome:
ii. Centromere at the terminal end
NCERT
A. The metacentric chromosome has middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome.
B. In case of acrocentric chromosome the
centromere is situated close to its end forming one
extremely short and one very long arm, whereas
C. The sub-metacentric chromosome has centromere slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm.
D. The telocentric chromosome has a terminal centromere.
REMEMBER
A. Metacentric chromosome =
Centromere is in the middle
forming two equal arms of the chromosome.
B. Acrocentric chromosome =
Centromere is situated close to its end
forming one extremely short and one very long arm,
C. Sub-metacentric chromosome =
Centromere slightly away from the middle of the
chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one
longer arm.
D. Telocentric chromosome =
Centromere terminal
- Which of the following is an incorrect statement? (2021)
a. Microbodies are present both in plant and animal cells.
b. The perinuclear space forms a barrier between the materials present inside the nucleus and that of the cytoplasm.
c. Nuclear pores act as passages for proteins and RNA molecules in both directions between nucleus and cytoplasm.
d. Mature sieve tube elements possess a conspicuous nucleus and usual cytoplasmic organelles.
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 102 / 100
d. Mature sieve tube elements possess a conspicuous nucleus and usual cytoplasmic organelles.
NCERT
A. Many membrane bound minute vesicles called microbodies that contain various enzymes, are present in both plant and animal cells.
B. Electron microscopy has revealed that the
nuclear envelope, which consists of two parallel membranes with a space between (10 to 50 nm) called
the perinuclear space, forms a barrier between the
materials present inside the nucleus and
that of the cytoplasm
C.These nuclear pores are the passages through which movement of RNA and protein molecules takes
place in both directions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
D. Some mature cells even lack nucleus, e.g.,
erythrocytes of many mammals and sieve tube cells of
vascular plants. Would you consider these cells as ‘living’?
REMEMBER
A. Microbodies
- Present in both plant and animal cells
B. Perinuclear space
- Forms a barrier between the materials present inside
the nucleus and that of the cytoplasm
C. Nuclear pores
- Passages through which movement of RNA and protein
molecules takes place in both directions between the
nucleus and the cytoplasm.
D. Some mature cells even lack nucleus
1. erythrocytes of many mammals
2. sieve tube cells of vascular plants.
- Match List-I with List-II (2021)
List-I List-II
A. Cristae i. Primary constriction in
chromosome
B. Thylakoids ii. Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi
apparatus
C. Centromere iii. Infoldings in mitochondria
D. Cisternae iv. Flattened membranous sacs in
stroma of plastids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
a. A-i B-iv C-iii D-ii
b. A-iii B-iv C-i D-ii
c. A-ii B-iii C-iv D-i
d. A-iv B-iii C-ii D-i
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 97/ 98 /101 / 95
b. A-iii B-iv C-i D-ii
A. Cristae - iii. Infoldings in mitochondria
B. Thylakoids - iv. Flattened membranous sacs in
stroma of plastids
C. Centromere - Primary constriction in chromosome
D. Cisternae - Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
NCERT
A. The inner membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae (sing.: crista) towards the matrix
B. A number of organised flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids, are present in the stroma
C. Every chromosome (visible only in dividing cells)
essentially has a primary constriction or the centromere
D. Camillo Golgi (1898) first observed densely stained
reticular structures near the nucleus. These were later named Golgi bodies after him. They consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of 0.5µm to 1.0µm diameter
REMEMBER
A. Cristae - Infoldings in mitochondria
B. Thylakoids - Flattened membranous sacs in
stroma of plastids
C. Centromere - Primary constriction in chromosome
D. Cisternae - Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
- When the centromere is situated in the middle of two equal arms of chromosomes, the chromosome is referred as: (2021)
a. Telocentric
b. Sub-metacentric
c. Acrocentric
d. Metacentric
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 101
d. Metacentric
NCERT
The metacentric chromosome has middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome.
REMEMBER
Metacentric chromosome = centromere in the middle
Forming 2 equal arms of the chromosome
- The biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs in:
(2020-Covid)
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Microbodies
c. Nucleolus
d. Ribsosomes
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 100
c. Nucleolus
NCERT
The nuclear matrix or the nucleoplasm contains nucleolus and chromatin.
The nucleoli are spherical structures present in the
nucleoplasm.
The content of nucleolus is continuous with the rest of the nucleoplasm as it is not a membrane bound structure.
It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.
REMEMBER
Nucleolus - site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
The biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs in: Nucleolus
- The shorter and longer arms of a submetacentric chromosome are referred to as [OS] (2019)
a. s-arm and l-arm respectively
b. p-arm and q-arm respectively
c. q-arm and p-arm respectively
d. m-arm and n-arm respectively
b. p-arm and q-arm respectively
NCERT - COULDN’T REALLY FIND IT / CHECK AGAIN
REMEMBER
The shorter arm of a submetacentric chromosome =
p arm
The longer arm of a submetacentric chromosome =
q arm
- Which of the following is true for nucleolus? (2018)
a. Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells.
b. It is a membrane-bound structure.
c. It takes part in spindle formation.
d. It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 100
d. It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
NCERT
The nuclear matrix or the nucleoplasm contains nucleolus and chromatin.
The nucleoli are spherical structures present in the
nucleoplasm.
The content of nucleolus is continuous with the rest of the nucleoplasm as it is not a membrane bound structure.
It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.
REMEMBER
Nucleolus - site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
The biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs in: Nucleolus
- The chromosomes in which centromere are situated close to one end are: (2015)
a. Telocentric
b. Sub-metacentric
c. Metacentric
d. Acrocentric
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 101
d. Acrocentric
NCERT
In case of acrocentric chromosome the centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm
REMEMBER
Acrocentric chromosome =
Centromere situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm
The chromosomes in which centromere are situated close to one end are: Acrocentric chromosome
- Nuclear envelope is a derivative of: (2015)
a. Microtubules
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Membrane of Golgi complex
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 95
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
NCERT
RER is frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
They are extensive and continuous with the outer
membrane of the nucleus.
REMEMBER
RER = continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope is a derivative of:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
UNDERSTAND THIS QUESTION AND ANSWER AGAIN
- Balbiani rings are sites of: [OS] (2015 Re)
a. Nucleotide synthesis
b. Polysaccharide synthesis
c. RNA and protein synthesis
d. Lipid synthesis
c. RNA and protein synthesis
COULDN’T FIND THIS IN NCERT
DIDN’T WRITE IT DOWN
- Match the columns and identify the correct option. (2015 Re)
Column-I Column-II
A. Thylakoids i. Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi
apparatus
B. Cristae ii. Condensed structure of DNA
C. Cisternae iii. Flat membranous sacs in
stroma
D. Chromatin iv. Infoldings in mitochondria
a. A-(iii) B-(iv) C-(i) D-(ii)
b. A-(iii) B-(i) C-(iv) D-(ii)
c. A-(iii) B-(iv) C-(ii) D-(i)
d. A-(iv) B-(iii) C-(i) D-(ii)
Grade 11 / Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life / page 98 / 97 / 95
a. A-(iii) B-(iv) C-(i) D-(ii)
A. Thylakoids = iii. Flat membranous sacs in stroma
B. Cristae = iv. Infoldings in mitochondria
C. Cisternae = i. Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
D. Chromatin = ii. Condensed structure of DNA
- COULDN’T FIND THIS
NCERT
A. A number of organised flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids, are present in the stroma
B. The inner membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae (sing.: crista) towards the matrix
C. Camillo Golgi (1898) first observed densely stained
reticular structures near the nucleus. These were later named Golgi bodies after him. They consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of 0.5µm to 1.0µm diameter
D. Chromatin = ii. Condensed structure of DNA
REMEMBER
Thylakoids = Flattened membranous sacs in stroma
Cristae = Infoldings in mitochondria
C. Cristernae = Disc shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
D. Chromatin = ii. Condensed structure of DNA
