Biological classification (past 10 years) Flashcards
- Five kingdom system of classification suggested by
R.H. Whittaker is not based on (2014)
a. Complexity of body organisation
b. Presence or absence of a well defined nucleus
c. Mode of reproduction
d. Mode of nutrition
Page number - 11
Saturday February 1 2025 - 2:28 pm
b. Presence or absence of a well defined nucleus
NCERT
R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a
Five Kingdom Classification.
The kingdoms defined by him were named
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
The main criteria for classification used by him include
1. cell structure,
2. body organisation,
3. mode of nutrition,
4. reproduction and
5. phylogenetic relationships.
REMEMBER
R.H. Whittaker (1969) =
Five Kingdom Classification
The main criteria for classification used by him include
1. cell structure,
2. body organisation,
3. mode of nutrition,
4. reproduction and
5. phylogenetic relationships.
- Which of the following is a correct statement? (2022)
a. Mycoplasma have DNA, Ribosome and cell wall (14)
b. Cyanobacteria are a group of autotrophic organisms classified under Kingdom Monera (13)
c. Bacteria are exclusively heterotrophic organisms (13)
d. Slime moulds are saprophytic organisms classified under Kingdom Monera. (15)
b. Cyanobacteria are a group of autotrophic organisms classified under Kingdom Monera
NCERT
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. (12)
Eubacteria (13)
There are thousands of different eubacteria or ‘true
bacteria’.
They are characterised by the presence of a
rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum.
The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae)
have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are
photosynthetic autotrophs
REMEMBER
Kingdom Monera = Bacterial are the sole members
Eubacteria = true bacteria
Characterised by the
1. presence of a rigid cell wall, and
2. if motile, a flagellum
The cyanobacteria = blue green algae
- chlorophyll a similar to green plants
- photosynthetic autotrophs
- Which of the following is incorrect about Cyanobacteria?
(2020-Covid)
a. They lack heterocysts
b. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies
c. They have chlorophyll ‘a’ similar to green plants
d. They are photoautotrophs
a. They lack heterocysts
C + D. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae)
have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are
photosynthetic autotrophs (Figure 2.2). add the image
The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous,
freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies
are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath.
B. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
A. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and
Anabaena
- Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis by (2018)
a. Nostoc
b. Green sulphur bacteria
c. Cycas
d. Chara
b. Green sulphur bacteria
(NOT FOUND IN NCERT)
- Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions? (2017-Delhi)
a. Archaebacteria
b. Eubacteria
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Mycobacteria
a. Archaebacteria
These bacteria are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitatssuch as extreme salty areas (halophiles),
hot springs (thermoacidophiles)
and marshy areas (methanogens).
- Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? (2017-Delhi)
a. Bacillus
b. Pseudomonas
c. Mycoplasma
d. Nostoc
c. Mycoplasma
The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in animals and plants.
- Methanogens belong to: (2016 - II)
a. Dinoflagellates
b. Slime moulds
c. Eubacteria
d. Archaebacteria
d. Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria
These bacteria are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas (methanogens).
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.
Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
- Which one of the following statements is wrong? (2016 - I)
a. Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae
b. Golden algae are also called desmids
c. Eubacteria are also called false bacteria
d. Phycomycetes are also called algal fungi (NOT FOUND IN NCERT)
c. Eubacteria are also called false bacteria
A. The cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae)
B. Chrysophytes / This group includes diatoms and golden algae (desmids).
C. There are thousands of different eubacteria or ‘true
bacteria’
D. (NOT FOUND IN NCERT)
- The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the: (2016 - I)
a. Halophiles
b. Thermoacidophiles
c. Methanogens
d. Eubacteria
c. Methanogens
These bacteria are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), (A) hot springs (thermoacidophiles) (B) and marshy areas (methanogens).
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.
C. Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they areresponsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of theseanimals.
D. Different organism under Kingdom Monera
- True nucleus is absent in: (2015)
a. Vaucheria
b. Volvox
c. Anabaena
d. Mucor
c. Anabaena
Add the chart
Eubacteria are under Kingdom Monera
Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and
Anabaena
- The gut of cow and buffalo possess: (2015)
a. Methanogens
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Fucus
d. Chlorella
a. Methanogens
Methanogens are present in the gut
of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are
responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
- Cell wall is absent in: (2015 Re)
a. Funaria
b. Mycoplasma
c. Nostoc
d. Aspergillus
b. Mycoplasma
The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen. Many mycoplasma are pathogenic in animals and plants.
- Archaebacteria differ from Eubacteria in: (2014)
a. Mode of reproduction
b. Cell membrane structure
c. Mode of nutrition
d. Cell shape
b. Cell membrane structure
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria
in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions
- Select the wrong statement (2018)
a. Cell wall is present in members of Fungi and Plantae
b. Mushrooms belong to Basidiomycetes
c. Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Sporozoans
d. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell in all kingdoms except Monera
c. Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Sporozoans
Protozoans part of Kingdom Protista
Amoeboid protozoans: These organisms live in fresh
water, sea water or moist soil.
They move and capture their prey by putting out pseudopodia
(false feet) as in Amoeba.
Marine forms have silica shells on their surface. Some of them such as Entamoeba are parasites.
- Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans? (2018)
a. Dinoflagellates
b. Diatoms
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Euglenoids
b. Diatoms
Chrysophytes - Under Kingdom Protista
Diatoms are the chief ‘producers’ in the oceans.
- Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in (2018)
a. Using flagella for locomotion
b. Having a contractile vacuole for removing excess water
c. Using pseudopodia for capturing prey
d. Having two types of nuclei
d. Having two types of nuclei
CHECK NCERT
- Select the wrong statement: (2016 - II)
a. Diatoms are chief producers in the oceans
b. Diatoms are microscopic and float passively in water
c. The walls of diatoms are easily destructible
d. ‘Diatomaceous earth’ is formed by the cell wall of diatoms.
c. The walls of diatoms are easily destructible
Chrysophytes / Kingdom Protista
The walls are embedded with silica and thus the walls are indestructible. Thus, diatoms have left behind large amount of cell wall deposits in their habitat; this accumulation over billions of years is referred to as ‘diatomaceous earth’.
- Chrysophytes, Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates and Slime moulds are included in the kingdom:
(2016 - I)
a. Animalia
b. Monera
c. Protista
d. Fungi
c. Protista
- In which group of organisms the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together? (2015 Re)
a. Euglenoids
b. Dinoflagellates
c. Slime moulds
d. Chrysophytes
d. Chrysophytes
- Which of the following statements is correct ? (2021)
a. Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non- motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
b. Organisms that depend on living plants are called saprophytes.
c. Some of the organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called sheath cells.
d. Fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy.
a. Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non- motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect? [OS] (2019)
a. Morels and truffles are edible delicacies.
b. Claviceps is a source of many alkaloids and LSD.
c. Conidia are produced exogenously and ascospores endogenously.
d. Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-like hyphae.
d. Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-like hyphae.
- After karyogamy followed by meiosis, spores are produced exogenously in (2018)
a. Neurospora
b. Alternaria
c. Agaricus
d. Saccharomyces
c. Agaricus
- Which one of the following is wrong for fungi? (2016 - II)
a. They are heterotrophic
b. They are both unicellular and multicellular
c. They are eukaryotic
d. All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall
d. All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall
- One of the major components of cell wall of most fungi is:
(2016 - I)
a. Chitin
b. Peptidoglycan
c. Cellulose
d. Hemicellulos
a. Chitin
- Which one of the following matches is correct? (2015)
a. Mucor Reproduction by Conjugation Ascomycetes
b. Agaricus Parasitic fungus Basidiomycetes
c. Phytophthora Aseptate mycelium Basidiomycetes
d. Alternaria Sexual reproduction absent Deuteromycetes
d. Alternaria Sexual reproduction absent Deuteromycetes
- Choose the wrong statements: (2015 Re)
a. Neurospora is used in the study of biochemical genetics
b. Morels and truffles are poisonous mushrooms
c. Yeast is unicellular and useful in fermentation
d. Penicillium is multicellular and produces antibiotics
b. Morels and truffles are poisonous mushrooms
- The imperfect fungi which are decomposer of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to:
(2015 Re)
a. Basidiomycetes
b. Phycomycetes
c. Ascomycetes
d. Deuteromycetes
d. Deuteromycetes
- Which one of the following fungi contains hallucinogens? [OS] (2014)
a. Ustilago sp.
b. Morchella esculenta
c. Amanita muscaria
d. Neurospora sp.
c. Amanita muscaria
- Pick up the wrong statement: (2015 Re)
a. Protista has photosynthetic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition
b. Some fungi are edible
c. Nuclear membrane is present in Monera
d. Cell wall is absent in Animalia
c. Nuclear membrane is present in Monera
- Which one of the following living organisms completely lacks a cell wall? (2014)
a. Blue - green algae
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Sea - fan (Gorgonia)
d. Saccharomyces
c. Sea - fan (Gorgonia)
- Which of the following is correct about viroids? (2020)
a. They have free RNA without protein coat.
b. They have DNA with protein coat.
c. They have free DNA without protein coat.
d. They have RNA with protein coat.
a. They have free RNA without protein coat.
- Which of the following statement is incorrect? (2019)
a. Viroids lack a protein coat.
b. Viruses are obligate parasites.
c. Infective constituent in viruses is the protein coat.
d. Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins.
c. Infective constituent in viruses is the protein coat.
- Viroids differ from viruses in having: (2017-Delhi)
a. DNA molecules with protein coat
b. DNA molecules without protein coat
c. RNA molecules with protein coat
d. RNA molecules without protein coat
d. RNA molecules without protein coat
- Which of the following statements is wrong for viroids? (2016 - I)
a. They lack a protein coat
b. They are smaller than viruses
c. They causes infections
d. Their RNA is of high molecular weight
d. Their RNA is of high molecular weight
- Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO2 pollution in the environment? [OS] (2015 Re)
a. Conifers
b. Algae
c. Fungi
d. Lichens
d. Lichens
- Select the wrong statements: (2015 Re)
a. W.M. Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised
b. The term ‘Contagium vivum fluidum’ was coined by M.W. Beijerinek
c. Mosaic disease in tobacco and AIDS in human being are caused by viruses
d. The viroids were discovered by D.J. Ivanowsky
d. The viroids were discovered by D.J. Ivanowsky
- Viruses have: (2014)
a. Both DNA and RNA
b. DNA enclosed in a protein coat
c. Prokaryotic nucleus
d. Single chromosome
d. Single chromosome
- A location with luxuriant growth of lichens on the trees indicates that the: (2014)
a. Location is not polluted
b. Trees are very healthy
c. Trees are heavily infested
d. Location is highly polluted
d. Location is highly polluted
- Which of the following shows coiled RNA strand and capsomeres? (2014)
a. Retrovirus
b. Polio virus
c. Tobacco mosaic virus
d. Measles virus
c. Tobacco mosaic virus
