Body fluids last 10 yrs Flashcards
- Given below are two statements: (2022)
Statement I: The coagulum is formed of network of threads called thrombins
Statement II: Spleen is the graveyard of erythrocytes
In the light of the above statements, choose the most
appropriate answer from the options given below.
a. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
b. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
c. Both statement I and statement II are incorrect
d. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
a. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Statement I: The coagulum is formed of network of threads called thrombins (INCORRECT)
Statement II: Spleen is the graveyard of erythrocytes (CORRECT)
NCERT
STATEMENT 1
You know that when you cut your finger or hurt yourself, your wound
does not continue to bleed for a long time; usually the blood stops flowing after sometime. Do you know why? Blood exhibits coagulation or clotting in response to an injury or trauma. This is a mechanism to prevent excessive loss of blood from the body. You would have observed a dark reddish brown scum formed at the site of a cut or an injury over a period of time.
It is a clot or coagulam formed mainly of a network of threads
called fibrins in which dead and damaged formed elements of blood are trapped. Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in the plasma by the enzyme thrombin. Thrombins, in turn are formed from another inactive substance present in the plasma called prothrombin.
An enzyme complex, thrombokinase, is required for the above reaction. This complex is formed by a series of linked enzymic reactions (cascade process) involving a number of factors present in the plasma in an inactive state.
An injury or a trauma stimulates the platelets in the blood to release certain factors which activate the mechanism of coagulation. Certain factors released by the tissues at the site of injury also can initiate coagulation. Calcium ions play a very important role in clotting.
STATEMENT 2
RBCs have an average life span of 120 days after which
they are destroyed in the spleen (graveyard of RBCs).
Erythrocytes = RBCs
- Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of inactive fibrinogens to fibrins? (2021)
a. Renin
b. Epinephrine
c. Thrombokinase
d. Thrombin
d. Thrombin
NCERT
Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in
the plasma by the enzyme thrombin.
- Persons with ‘AB’ blood group are called as “Universal recipients”. This is due to: (2021)
a. Absence of antigens A and B in plasma
b. Presence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B, on RBCs
c. Absence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B, in plasma
d. Absence of antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs
c. Absence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B, in plasma
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NCERT
Persons with ‘AB’ group can accept blood from persons with AB as well as the other groups of blood. Therefore, such persons are called ‘universal recipients
- Match the following columns and select the correct option (2020)
Column-I Column-II
- Eosinophils (i) Immune response
- Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis
- Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes
- Lymphocytes (iv) Release granules containing histamine(1) (2) (3) (4)
a. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
b. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
c. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
d. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
d. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Column-I Column-II
- Eosinophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes
- Basophils (iv) Release granules containing histamine
- Neutrophils (ii) Phagocytosis
- Lymphocytes (i) Immune response
NCERT
- COULDNT FIND IT IN NCERT
- basophils are different types of granulocytes, while lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes.
Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin, etc., and are involved in inflammatory reactions
- Neutrophils and monocytes (6-8 per cent) are phagocytic
cells which destroy foreign organisms entering the body - Lymphocytes (20-25 per cent) are of two major types – ‘B’ and ‘T’ forms. Both B and T lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses of the body.
- Which of the following conditions cause erythroblastosis
foetalis? (2020-Covid)
a. Mother Rh–ve and foetus Rh+ve
b. Both mother and foetus Rh–ve
c. Both mother and foetus Rh+ve
d. Mother Rh+ve and foetus Rh–ve
a. Mother Rh–ve and foetus Rh+ve
NCERT
In case of her subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibodies from the mother (Rh-ve) can leak into the blood of the foetus (Rh+ve) and destroy the foetal RBCs. This could be fatal to the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby. This condition is called erythroblastosis foetalis.
- Match the items given in Column-I with those in Column-II
and select the correct option given below (2018)
Column-I Column-II
A. Fibrinogen i. Osmotic balance
B. Globulin ii. Blood clotting
C. Albumin iii. Defence mechanism
a. A-iii B-ii C-i
b. A-i B-ii C-iii
c. A-i B-iii C-ii
d. A-ii B-iii C-i
d. A-ii B-iii C-i
Column-I Column-II
A. Fibrinogen ii. Blood clotting
B. Globulins iii. Defence mechanism
C. Albumin i. Osmotic balance
NCERT
Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are the major proteins.
A. Fibrinogens are needed for clotting or coagulation of blood.
B. Globulins primarly are involved in defense mechanisms of the body and the
C. albumins help in osmotic balance.
- Adult human RBCs are enucleate. Which of the following
statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this
feature? (2017-Delhi)
A. They do not need to reproduce
B. They are somatic cells
C. They do not metabolise
D. All their internal space is available for oxygen transport
a. Only (D)
b. Only (A)
c. (A), (C) and (D)
d. (B) and (C)
a. Only (D)
D. All their internal space is available for oxygen transport
COULDNT FIND THIS IN NCERT
- Serum differs from blood in: (2016 - II)
a. Lacking clotting factors
b. Lacking antibodies
c. Lacking globulins
d. Lacking albumins
a. Lacking clotting factors
NCERT
Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum.
- Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause
clotting disorder, leading to excessive loss of blood from the
body. (2016 - II)
a. Neutrophils
b. Thrombocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. Leukocytes
b. Thrombocytes
NCERT
Platelets also called thrombocytes, are cell fragments produced from
megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow). Blood normally
contains 1,500,00-3,500,00 platelets mm–3. Platelets can release a varietyof substances most of which are involved in the coagulation or clotting of blood.
A reduction in their number can lead to clotting disorders which
will lead to excessive loss of blood from the body.
- Which one of the following is correct? (2015)
a. Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC
b. Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets
c. Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes
d. Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen
b. Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets
CHECK THIS IN NCERT
- Erythropoiesis starts in: (2015)
a. Spleen
b. Red bone marrow
c. Kidney
d. Liver
b. Red bone marrow
NCERT
Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant of all
the cells in blood. A healthy adult man has, on an average, 5 millions to 5.5 millions of RBCs mm–3 of blood. RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults.
- If you suspect major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidences? (2015 Re)
a. Serum albumins
b. Haemocytes
c. Serum globulins
d. Fibrinogen in plasma
c. Serum globulins
NCERT
Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum.
Globulins primarly are involved in defense mechanisms of the body
- Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has: (2014)
a. Both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies
b. Both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma
c. Both A and B antibodies in the plasma
d. No antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma
b. Both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma
NCERT
Persons with ‘AB’ group can accept blood from persons with AB as well as the other groups of blood. Therefore, such persons are called ‘universal recipients’.
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- The most abundant intracellular cation is: [OS] (2013)
a. K+
b. Na+
c. Ca++
d. H+
a. K+
CHECK NCERT CAN”T FIND IT
- Which one of the following statements is correct? (2022)
a. Increased ventricular pressure causes closing of the
semilunar valves
b. The atrio-ventricular node (AVN) generates an action
potential to stimulate atrial contraction
c. The tricuspid and the bicuspid valves open due to the
pressure exerted by the simultaneous contraction of the
atria
d. Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during
joint diastole.
d. Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during
joint diastole.
CHECK THE QUESTION IN NCERT
- The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents: (2020)
a. Depolarisation of auricles
b. Depolarisation of ventricles
c. Repolarisation of ventricles
d. Repolarisation of auricles
b. Depolarisation of ventricles
NCERT
The QRS complex represents the depolarisation of the ventricles,
which initiates the ventricular contraction. The contraction starts shortly after Q and marks the beginning of the systole.
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- What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output
is 5 L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole
is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL?
(2019)
a. 50 beats per minute
b. 75 beats per minute
c. 100 beats per minute
d. 125 beats per minute
c. 100 beats per minute
NCERT
CHECK THIS QUESTION OUT (IMPORTANT)
- Match the Column-I with Column-II (2019)
Column-I Column-II
A. P - wave i. Depolarisation of ventricles
B. QRS complex ii. Repolarisation of ventricle
C. T - wave iii. Coronary ischemia
D. Reduction in the iv. Depolarisation of atria
size of T-wave
v. Repolarisation of atria
Select the correct option.
a. A-iv B-i C-ii D-iii
b. A-iv B-i C-ii D-v
c. A-ii B-i C-v D-iii
d. A-ii B-iii C-v D-iv
a. A-iv B-i C-ii D-iii
- Match the items given in Column-I with those in Column-II
and select the correct option given below: (2018)
Column-I Column-II
A. Tricuspid valve i. Between left atrium and left ventricle
B. Bicuspid valve ii. Between right ventricle and pulmonary
artery
C. Semilunar valve iii. Between right atrium and right
ventricle
a. A-iii B-i C-ii
b. A-i B-iii C-ii
c. A-i B-ii C-iii
d. A-ii B-i C-iii
a. A-iii B-i C-ii
- Blood pressure in the mammalian aorta is maximum during:
(2015)
a. Systole of the left ventricle
b. Diastole of the right atrium
c. Systole of the left atrium
d. Diastole of the right ventricle
a. Systole of the left ventricle
- Which one of the following animals has two separate
circulatory pathways? (2015 Re)
a. Lizard
b. Whale
c. Shark
d. Frog
b. Whale
- Doctors use stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when: (2015 Re)
a. Ventricular walls vibrate due to pushing in of blood from
atria
b. Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into
vessels from ventricles
c. AV node receives signal from SA Node
d. AV
b. Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into
vessels from ventricles
- The diagram given here is the standard ECG of a normal person. The P-wave represents the: (2013)
a. End of systole
b. Contraction of both the atria
c. Initiation of the ventricular contraction
d. Beginning of the systole
b. Contraction of both the atria
- Which of the following is associated with decrease in cardiac
output? (2020-Covid)
a. Parasympathetic neural signals
b. Pneumotaxic centre
c. Adrenal medullary hormones
d. Sympathetic nerves
a. Parasympathetic neural signals
- The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from (2017-Delhi)
a. Heart
b. Stomach
c. Kidneys
d. Intestine
d. Intestine
- Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery is: (2016 - I)
a. Same as that in the aorta
b. More than that in the carotid
c. More than that in the pulmonary vein
d. Less than that in the vena cava
c. More than that in the pulmonary vein
