cell structure (eukaryotic cells) Flashcards
which organelles do animal cells contain?
plasma membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus nuclear envelope nucleolus mitochondria cytoplasm golgi apparatus ribosome lysosome
which additional organelles do plant cells contain?
chloroplasts
plasmodema
vacuole
cell wall
what are the similarities between plant and fungal cells?
have the same organelles, including a cell wall and chloroplasts
what are the differences between plant and fungal cells?
fungal cell walls are made of chitin not cellulose
fungal cells don’t have chloroplasts
what is the structure of the cell surface membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
what is the function of the cell surface membrane?
controls entry and exit into the cell
what is the structure of the nucleus?
surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores, contains chromosomes and nucleolus
what is the function of the nucleus?
site of DNA replication and transcription
what is the structure of the mitochondria?
double membrane, inner membrane is the cristae, contains a fluid matrix and loops of DNA
what is the function of the mitochondria?
to produce energy
what is the structure of the chloroplasts?
double membrane, thylakoid membranes, stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis
what is the function of the chloroplasts?
contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
what is the structure of the vacuole?
fluid filled, surrounded by tonoplast
what is the function of the vacuole?
aim is to keep the cell turgid, temporary store
what is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
flattened sacs
what is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
process and package lipids and proteins
make lysosomes
what is the structure of the golgi vesicle?
fluid filled sac
what is the function of the golgi vesicle?
stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell
what is the structure of lysosomes?
bags of digestive enzymes
what is the function of lysosomes?
lysozymes are digestive enzymes which digest invading cells or invading parts of the cell
what is the structure of ribosomes?
made of proteins and RNA
what is the function of ribosomes?
protein synthesis
what is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
folded membrane with ribosomes
what is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
folded membrane (no ribosomes)
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
folds and processes proteins
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesises and processes lipids
what is the structure of the cell wall?
made of cellulose/chitin
what is the function of the cell wall?
structural strength
