cell structure (active transport)

Question 1

what is active transport?

Answer 1

the process of using energy to move molecules and ions across membranes, against a concentration gradient

Question 2

what is the source of energy for active transport?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

how does ATP release energy?

Answer 3

hydrolysis into ADP and Pi

Question 4

how do carrier proteins help active transport?

Answer 4

molecule attaches to a carrier protein, which changes shape and moves the molecule across the membrane

Question 5

how do co transporters help active transport?

Answer 5

type of carrier protein
bind 2 molecules at a time
concentration gradient of one molecule is used to move the other against its own concentration gradient

Question 6

what is an antiport?

Answer 6

co transporter, which transports substances in opposite directions

Question 7

what is a symport?

Answer 7

co transporter, which transports substances in the same direction

Question 8

what affects the rate of active transport?

Answer 8

speed of carrier proteins
number of carrier proteins present
rate of respiration/availability of ATP

Question 9

what is an example of active transport?

Answer 9

the sodium potassium pump

Question 10

how is glucose absorbed by co transport?

Answer 10

sodium ions are actively transported out of the ileum epithelial cells into the blood by the sodium potassium pump
concentration gradient as there is a higher concentration of sodium outside of the cell
causes sodium ions to diffuse from the lumen of the ileum into the epithelial cells
via sodium glucose co-transporter proteins
co-transported carries glucose into the cell with the sodium
concentration of glucose inside the cell increases
glucose diffuses out of the cell by faciliated diffusion