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physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

there are over ___ types of human cells that all have unique characteristics!

A

200

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2
Q

the ____ is the basic unit of life

A

cell

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3
Q

body activity depends on activity of _____

A

cells

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4
Q

cell activity is dictated by __________________

A

internal cell structure

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5
Q

reproduction ultimately depends on _____

A

cells

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6
Q

human cells have _ basic parts

A

3

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7
Q

all cells have some

A

common structures and functions

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8
Q

flexible outer boundary

cells

A

plasma membrane

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9
Q

intracellular fluid containing organelles (mini-organs) in a gel-like fluid

(cells)

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

control center containing DNA (codes for protein production and cell reproduction) **not an organelle!

(cells)

A

nucleus

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11
Q

are semipermeable (differentially permeable); they are selective about what they allow to pass into and out of the cell

A

plasma membranes

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12
Q

separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

plasma membranes

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13
Q

ECF that surrounds cells

A

interstitial fluid (IF)

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14
Q

hold cells together to form tissues

A

Membrane Junctions

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15
Q

cells are held together by

A

extracellular matrix, adhesion protein molecules, specialized cell junctions

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16
Q

proteins that act as “glue” (e.g., collagen and elastin)

A

extracellular matrix

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17
Q

in cell membranes

A

adhesion protein molecules

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18
Q

3 types of specialized cell junctions

A

desmosome, tight junction, gap junction

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19
Q

act like “rivets” or “spot-welds” that anchor two closely adjacent but non-touching cells

A

Desmosomes

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20
Q

most abundant in tissues that are subject to considerable stretching (e.g., skin, uterus)

A

Desmosomes

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21
Q

firmly bond cells together

A

Tight Junctions

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22
Q

prevent fluids and most molecules from moving between cells

A

Tight Junctions

23
Q

prevent undesirable leaks between layers of cells, mostly in epithelial tissue

A

Tight Junctions

24
Q

examples: digestive tract (prevent digestive fluids from leaking), blood brain barrier (prevent blood from touching nerve cells)

A

Tight Junctions

25
Q

small connecting tunnels called connexons

A

Gap Junctions

26
Q

made of special protein subunits

A

Gap Junctions

27
Q

allow easy passage of small water soluble molecules between cells

  • nutrients
  • chemical messengers
  • ions
A

Gap Junctions

28
Q

especially abundant in cardiac and smooth muscles

A

Gap Junctions

29
Q

produce proteins only

A

ribosomes

30
Q

endoplasmic reticulum produces various products such as

A

enzymes (all enzymes are proteins)
hormones
chemical messengers

31
Q

process cell products

A

some organelles

32
Q

produce substances

A

some organelles

33
Q

package cell products in small membrane packages called vesicles

A

Golgi complex

34
Q

break down or neutralize substances

A

some organelles

35
Q

are filled with acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases) to digest unwanted particles

A

lysosomes

36
Q

use oxidase and catalase enzymes to detoxify dangerous chemicals and neutralize free radicals

A

peroxisomes

37
Q

produce ATP energy through the process of aerobic cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

38
Q

store nutrients and other substances

A

vacuoles

39
Q

The ___________ supports cell structure and shape with protein fibers (mostly microfilaments).

A

cytoskeleton

40
Q

_____ and ________ are structures projecting from the cell for movement

A

cilia and flagella

41
Q

(singular is cilium) move substances (e.g., mucus) across cell surfaces

A

hairlike cilia

42
Q

(singular is flagellum) are longer and propel whole cells (e.g., sperm tails)

A

flagella

43
Q

cylindrical organelles in the bases of cilia and flagella to anchor them; they also organize chromosomes during cell division

A

centrioles

44
Q

are fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption

A

microvilli

45
Q

contains chromosomes and controls structure and function of cell

A

nucleus

46
Q

surrounded by a double-membrane barrier containing pores

A

nucleus

47
Q

dark-staining body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal (protein-producing) subunits

A

nucleolus

48
Q

large and sticky

A

proteins

49
Q

break down solids

A

lysosomes

50
Q

neutralize liquids

A

peroxisomes

51
Q

lysosomes are filled with ______ to digest unwanted particles

A

acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases)

52
Q

peroxisomes use ________ to detoxify dangerous chemicals and neutralize free radicals

A

oxidase and catalase enzymes

53
Q

organize chromosomes during cell division

A

centrioles

54
Q

lysosomes are filled with acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases) to __________

A

digest unwanted particles

physiology (14 decks)

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