Cell Physiology

Question 1

there are over ___ types of human cells that all have unique characteristics!

Answer 1

200

Question 2

the ____ is the basic unit of life

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

body activity depends on activity of _____

Answer 3

cells

Question 4

cell activity is dictated by __________________

Answer 4

internal cell structure

Question 5

reproduction ultimately depends on _____

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

human cells have _ basic parts

Answer 6

3

Question 7

all cells have some

Answer 7

common structures and functions

Question 8

flexible outer boundary

cells

Answer 8

plasma membrane

Question 9

intracellular fluid containing organelles (mini-organs) in a gel-like fluid

(cells)

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

control center containing DNA (codes for protein production and cell reproduction) **not an organelle!

(cells)

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

are semipermeable (differentially permeable); they are selective about what they allow to pass into and out of the cell

Answer 11

plasma membranes

Question 12

separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 12

plasma membranes

Question 13

ECF that surrounds cells

Answer 13

interstitial fluid (IF)

Question 14

hold cells together to form tissues

Answer 14

Membrane Junctions

Question 15

cells are held together by

Answer 15

extracellular matrix, adhesion protein molecules, specialized cell junctions

Question 16

proteins that act as “glue” (e.g., collagen and elastin)

Answer 16

extracellular matrix

Question 17

in cell membranes

Answer 17

adhesion protein molecules

Question 18

3 types of specialized cell junctions

Answer 18

desmosome, tight junction, gap junction

Question 19

act like “rivets” or “spot-welds” that anchor two closely adjacent but non-touching cells

Answer 19

Desmosomes

Question 20

most abundant in tissues that are subject to considerable stretching (e.g., skin, uterus)

Answer 20

Desmosomes

Question 21

firmly bond cells together

Answer 21

Tight Junctions

Question 22

prevent fluids and most molecules from moving between cells

Answer 22

Tight Junctions

Question 23

prevent undesirable leaks between layers of cells, mostly in epithelial tissue

Answer 23

Tight Junctions

Question 24

examples: digestive tract (prevent digestive fluids from leaking), blood brain barrier (prevent blood from touching nerve cells)

Answer 24

Tight Junctions

Question 25

small connecting tunnels called connexons

Answer 25

Gap Junctions

Question 26

made of special protein subunits

Answer 26

Gap Junctions

Question 27

allow easy passage of small water soluble molecules between cells - nutrients - chemical messengers - ions

Answer 27

Gap Junctions

Question 28

especially abundant in cardiac and smooth muscles

Answer 28

Gap Junctions

Question 29

produce proteins only

Answer 29

ribosomes

Question 30

endoplasmic reticulum produces various products such as

Answer 30

enzymes (all enzymes are proteins) hormones chemical messengers

Question 31

process cell products

Answer 31

some organelles

Question 32

produce substances

Answer 32

some organelles

Question 33

package cell products in small membrane packages called vesicles

Answer 33

Golgi complex

Question 34

break down or neutralize substances

Answer 34

some organelles

Question 35

are filled with acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases) to digest unwanted particles

Answer 35

lysosomes

Question 36

use oxidase and catalase enzymes to detoxify dangerous chemicals and neutralize free radicals

Answer 36

peroxisomes

Question 37

produce ATP energy through the process of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 37

mitochondria

Question 38

store nutrients and other substances

Answer 38

vacuoles

Question 39

The ___________ supports cell structure and shape with protein fibers (mostly microfilaments).

Answer 39

cytoskeleton

Question 40

_____ and ________ are structures projecting from the cell for movement

Answer 40

cilia and flagella

Question 41

(singular is cilium) move substances (e.g., mucus) across cell surfaces

Answer 41

hairlike cilia

Question 42

(singular is flagellum) are longer and propel whole cells (e.g., sperm tails)

Answer 42

flagella

Question 43

cylindrical organelles in the bases of cilia and flagella to anchor them; they also organize chromosomes during cell division

Answer 43

centrioles

Question 44

are fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption

Answer 44

microvilli

Question 45

contains chromosomes and controls structure and function of cell

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

surrounded by a double-membrane barrier containing pores

Answer 46

nucleus

Question 47

dark-staining body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal (protein-producing) subunits

Answer 47

nucleolus

Question 48

large and sticky

Answer 48

proteins

Question 49

break down solids

Answer 49

lysosomes

Question 50

neutralize liquids

Answer 50

peroxisomes

Question 51

lysosomes are filled with ______ to digest unwanted particles

Answer 51

acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases)

Question 52

peroxisomes use ________ to detoxify dangerous chemicals and neutralize free radicals

Answer 52

oxidase and catalase enzymes

Question 53

organize chromosomes during cell division

Answer 53

centrioles

Question 54

lysosomes are filled with acidic enzymes (acid hydrolases) to __________

Answer 54

digest unwanted particles