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physiology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

large molecules that are long chains of smaller molecules (monomers)

A

polymers

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2
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Polymer

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3
Q

Sugars (monosaccharides)

A

Monomer

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4
Q

energy storage

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

source of energy for all cellular functions

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

structural component for cells

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

simple sugars

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

glucose =

A

cellular fuel

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9
Q

long chains of simple sugars

A

Complex Carbohydrates

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10
Q

starch (plant energy storage)

A

Complex Carbohydrates

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11
Q

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

A

Lipids

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12
Q

energy storage

A

Lipids

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13
Q

every C is filled with H

A

saturated

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14
Q

some C form double bonds

A

unsaturated

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15
Q

fats and oils

A

triglycerides

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16
Q

found in cell membranes

A

phospholipids

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17
Q

component of cell membranes

sex hormones

A

steroids:

cholesterol

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18
Q

(cell parts, hair, muscle)

A

structural

Proteins

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19
Q

(hormones)

A

regulatory

Proteins

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20
Q

(hemoglobin in red blood cells)

A

transport

Proteins

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21
Q

(disease prevention)

A

antibodies

Proteins

22
Q

(speed up chemical reactions

A

enzymes

Proteins

23
Q

a simple chain of amino acids

A

primary structure

24
Q

change the amino acids (or even their order), and you have _________________

A

a completely different protein!

25
Q

linear sequence of amino acids

A

primary structure

26
Q

structural patterns from hydrogen bonds

A

secondary structures

27
Q

two types of secondary structures

A

alpha helix

beta sheet

28
Q

final three-dimensional shape of the polypeptide chain (protein)

A

tertiary structure

29
Q

two types of tertiary structures

A

globular

fibrous

30
Q

present in proteins with two or more polypeptide chains

A

quaternary structure

31
Q

extreme heat, or very high or low pH, can cause a protein to become _________

A

denatured

32
Q

a change in 3-dimensional structure

A

denatured

33
Q

genetic info

- DNA (genes in chromosomes)
- RNA (for protein synthesis
A

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

34
Q

energy transport

-ATP (high-energy nucleotide)

A

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

35
Q

DNA contains _ nucleotides

A

4

A,C,T,G

36
Q

RNA contains _ nucleotides

A

4

A,C,U,G

37
Q

Monomers of Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides

A 
A = adenine
C = cytosine
T = thymine
G = guanine
U = uracil
38
Q

adenosine triphosphate contains ___ nucleotide

A

contains one nucleotide

39
Q

is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers). They are typically composed of thousands or more atoms.

A

macromolecule

40
Q

Lipid

A

polymer

41
Q

cellulose (plant structure)

A

complex carbohydrates

42
Q

Amino acids

A

monomer

43
Q

Protein

A

polymer

44
Q

-solid at room temperature

A

saturated

45
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

polymer

46
Q

glycogen (animal energy storage)

A

complex carbohydrate

47
Q

Fatty acids & monoglycerides

A

monomer

48
Q

liquid at room temperature

A

unsaturated

49
Q

major component of the cell membrane

A

lipid

50
Q

Nucleotides

A

monomer

51
Q

hormone production

A

lipid

physiology (14 decks)

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