Cell Organelles Flashcards
What is the Nucleus?
The command centre of the cell. Contains DNA. The Largest organelle. Spherical.
What is the Nuclear Membrane?
The double membrane around the nucleus. Protects DNA from byproducts. Porous.
What are Nuclear Pores?
Pores in the membrane that allow macro-molecules to enter and ribosomes to leave.
What are Chromatins?
Uncoiled strands of DNA in the nucleus. Thin, thread-like.
What is the Nucleolus?
Dense area of chromatin within the nucleus. No membrane just dense.
What is the Cell Membrane?
A fluid-mosaic membrane that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is Cytoplasm?
A gel-like material that contains dissolved materials and creates the environment in which organelles work.
What are Ribosomes?
Tiny two-part structures are found throughout the cell that assembles proteins. They can float free or attach to structures (such as the ER).
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Flattened membrane-bound sacs and tubes. 2 membranes:
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.
Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and packages macromolecules for transport.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Flattened membrane-bound sacs that receive vesicles from the ER, contain enzymes and package proteins and lipids for transport to the membrane.
What are the Mitochondria?
Where organic molecules are broken down inside a double membrane to release energy and transfer it to ATP. The inner folded membrane is called the CRISTAE, fluid in between is the MATRIX.
What is a Lysosome?
Membrane-bound vesicles filled with digestive enzymes that break down worn-out compounds and materials. Spherical, on diagrams enzymes that look like beans are present.
What is a Peroxisome?
Membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes to break down lipids and waste. These enzymes are stronger than Lysosomes. Spherical.
What is the Cytoskeleton?
Network of 3 interconnected fibres that maintain cell shape and allow for movement of parts.
1. Micro/Actin Filaments
2. Intermediate Filaments
3. Microtubules.
What are Micro/Actin Filaments?
Protein filaments that form part of the cytoskeleton. Used for anchorage. Long and chain-like.
What are Microtubules?
A component of the cytoskeleton. Involved in mitosis, intracellular transport and maintenance of cell shape. Make up cilia, flagella, centrioles and spindle fibres. Hollow tubes
What are Centrosomes?
The structure involved in the process of cell division. The area where spindle fibres are formed. Cylindrical organelles are found near the nucleus.
What are Cilia?
Membrane-bound cell used to move a cell through water or move water and its contents across the surface of a cell. Short, wave-like organelles.
What are Flagella?
Structures used to propel a cell through a liquid. Whip-like, long.
What is a Cell Wall?
The shell surrounding the membrane of plant cells. Provides strength and protection. Cellulose fibres are part of this. It is porous.
What is a Vacuole?
Large-membrane, fluid-filled sacs for the temporary storage of food, water, and waste. Spherical.
What are Chloroplasts?
The organelles responsible for photosynthesis. Green pigment is chlorophyll. Has double membrane, stroma is the fluid, thlakoids are the pigmented sacs, a group of these is a grana.
What are Prokaryote cells?
Smallest and simplest cells. Stores DNA in an area called the Nucleoid. Has limited reactions.
What are Eukaryote cells?
Larger and more complex cells. Has a nucleus. Has many reactions.
