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Year 1 Pathology > Cell injury and death > Flashcards

Cell injury and death Flashcards

1
Q

Shrinkage of cells is seen in what type of cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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2
Q

What are the inhibitory apoptosis genes?

A

BLC-2

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3
Q

What are the stimulatory apoptosis genes?

A

BAX and BAK

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4
Q

Caspases are activated by leakage of what molecule?

A

Cytochrome-c

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5
Q

Decreased oxygen, toxins, and / or radiation will lead to what type of cell death?

A

Necrosis

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6
Q

Decreased survival agents and/or DNA / RNA / protein damage will lead to what type of cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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7
Q

How can ER / cellular swelling be explained from ischemic damage?

A
  1. Decreased oxidative phosphorylation 2. Decreased ATP 3. Decreased Na+ pump 4. Influx of calcium, water, sodium; efflux of potassium
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8
Q

How can clumping of nuclear chromatin be explained from ischemic damage?

A
  1. Decreased oxidative phosphorylation 2. Decreased ATP 3. Increased anaerobic glycolysis 4. Decreased glycogen / increased lactic acid / decreased pH
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9
Q

How can decreased protein synthesis be described from ischemic damage?

A
  1. Decreased oxidative phosphorylation 2. Decreased ATP 3. Detachment of ribosomes
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10
Q

What reaction does SOD catalyze?

A

Superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide

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11
Q

What reaction does glutathione peroxidase catalyze?

A

Hydroxyl radical into hydrogen peroxide

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12
Q

What reaction does catalase catalyze?

A

Hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

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13
Q

Which enzyme reduces oxygen into an oxygen radical (superoxide anion)?

A

NADPH

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14
Q

What reaction does myeloperoxidase catalyze?

A

Hydrogen peroxide into HOCL

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15
Q

Coagulative necrosis is usually associated with what type of injury?

A

Ischemia / reperfusion

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16
Q

Caseous necrosis results from the inability to degrade what cellular component?

A

Lipid cell wall

17
Q

What molecule activates bax and bak?

A

p53

18
Q

Both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways converge on what caspase?

A

Initiator caspases

19
Q

How do bax and bak encourage apoptosis?

A

Dimerize, form channels in mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c leaks out, caspases are activated

Year 1 Pathology (25 decks)

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