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APBIO > Cell Division And Genetics > Flashcards

Cell Division And Genetics Flashcards

0
Q

G0

A

When a cell stops going through the cell cycle

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1
Q

Cell cycle (stages)

A

G1
S
G2
M (mitosis and cytokinesis)

G0-> out of the cycle

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2
Q

G1

A

Growth phase 1
Cell grows, prepares for mitosis. Has a check point to see if the cell is large enough and has enough material for division. If all is well for division, growth factors promote the cell

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3
Q

S phase

A

Cell duplicates DNA

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4
Q

G2 phase

A

Replication of Organelles, checks DMA for errors and mutations

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5
Q

Interphase

A

All of g1, s and g2

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6
Q

Cytokinesis

A

After mitosis, a cell membrane forms between the two new cells and splits them apart.
In plant cells, a cell plate made of cellulose separates the two new cells, and vesicles defuse the cells from each other

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7
Q

Diploid

A

2N, a cell with both sets of chromosomes-> normal, non gamete cell

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8
Q

Haploid cells

A

N-> 1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, only In gametes

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9
Q

Somatic cells

A

Normal, diploid, non gamete cells

2N

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10
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells, have N chromosomes (Half of normal)

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11
Q

Bianary fission

A

Asexual reproduction and cell division in prokaryotes, resulting in two identical daughter cells

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12
Q

Mitosis phases:

A 
Prophase 
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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13
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosome becomes tightly coiled and folded

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14
Q

Pro metaphase

A

Diners from opposite ends of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetic hires of the sister chromatids, chromosomes move towards midline

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15
Q

Metaphase

A

The centromere of the chromosome is aligned at the metaphase PLAFE along with centromeres of other chromosomes

16
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

17
Q

Telophase

A

Chromatin fibre uncoils and is surrounded by reforming nuclear membrane

18
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg -> when two gametes combine

19
Q

Mendels laws

A
  • law of dominance
  • law of segregation
  • law of independent assortment
20
Q

Law of dominance

A

When there are two alleles and one covers the other, the one that covers is dominant

21
Q

Law of segregation

A

A pair of genes controlling a trait separate from eachother during meiosis and formation of gametes

22
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Only when considering more than one gene at once. The genes for one characteristic are inherited independently of other genes for a different charecteristic on a different gene

23
Q

Homozygous

A

Two of the same alleles

24
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles

25
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

When one gene isnt completley dominant over another so they mix and form an In Between state

26
Q

Codominance

A

When both jeans are dominant and both show up, typically like spots

27
Q

Phenotype

A

The way something looks

28
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic make up of something

29
Q

Multiple allele inheritance

A

When there are more than 2 alleles possible, ex blood type

30
Q

Allele

A

Different forms of the same genes

31
Q

True breeding

A

An organism that always passes certian phenotypes to its offspring

32
Q

Hybrid

A

an offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera

33
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A set of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father

34
Q

Oogenesis

A

Creation of an egg cell-> goes through meiosis 1 and 2 and creates 3 polar bodies and one functioning egg cell

35
Q

Spermogenesis

A

Creation of sperm cells.

Goes through meiosis 1&2 to create 4 diploid sperm cells

36
Q

Pleiotropy

A

When a single gene has multiple phenotypes

37
Q

Epistasis

A

When a gene in one location effects genes in another

APBIO (13 decks)

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