Cell Division And Genetics

Question 0

G0

Answer 0

When a cell stops going through the cell cycle

Question 1

Cell cycle (stages)

Answer 1

G1
S
G2
M (mitosis and cytokinesis)

G0-> out of the cycle

Question 2

G1

Answer 2

Growth phase 1
Cell grows, prepares for mitosis. Has a check point to see if the cell is large enough and has enough material for division. If all is well for division, growth factors promote the cell

Question 3

S phase

Answer 3

Cell duplicates DNA

Question 4

G2 phase

Answer 4

Replication of Organelles, checks DMA for errors and mutations

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

All of g1, s and g2

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

After mitosis, a cell membrane forms between the two new cells and splits them apart.
In plant cells, a cell plate made of cellulose separates the two new cells, and vesicles defuse the cells from each other

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

2N, a cell with both sets of chromosomes-> normal, non gamete cell

Question 8

Haploid cells

Answer 8

N-> 1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, only In gametes

Question 9

Somatic cells

Answer 9

Normal, diploid, non gamete cells

2N

Question 10

Gametes

Answer 10

Sex cells, have N chromosomes (Half of normal)

Question 11

Bianary fission

Answer 11

Asexual reproduction and cell division in prokaryotes, resulting in two identical daughter cells

Question 12

Mitosis phases:

Answer 12

Prophase 
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 13

Prophase

Answer 13

Chromosome becomes tightly coiled and folded

Question 14

Pro metaphase

Answer 14

Diners from opposite ends of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetic hires of the sister chromatids, chromosomes move towards midline

Question 15

Metaphase

Answer 15

The centromere of the chromosome is aligned at the metaphase PLAFE along with centromeres of other chromosomes

Question 16

Anaphase

Answer 16

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Question 17

Telophase

Answer 17

Chromatin fibre uncoils and is surrounded by reforming nuclear membrane

Question 18

Zygote

Answer 18

A fertilized egg -> when two gametes combine

Question 19

Mendels laws

Answer 19

• law of dominance
• law of segregation
• law of independent assortment

Question 20

Law of dominance

Answer 20

When there are two alleles and one covers the other, the one that covers is dominant

Question 21

Law of segregation

Answer 21

A pair of genes controlling a trait separate from eachother during meiosis and formation of gametes

Question 22

Law of independent assortment

Answer 22

Only when considering more than one gene at once. The genes for one characteristic are inherited independently of other genes for a different charecteristic on a different gene

Question 23

Homozygous

Answer 23

Two of the same alleles

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

Two different alleles

Question 25

Incomplete dominance

Answer 25

When one gene isnt completley dominant over another so they mix and form an In Between state

Question 26

Codominance

Answer 26

When both jeans are dominant and both show up, typically like spots

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

The way something looks

Question 28

Genotype

Answer 28

The genetic make up of something

Question 29

Multiple allele inheritance

Answer 29

When there are more than 2 alleles possible, ex blood type

Question 30

Allele

Answer 30

Different forms of the same genes

Question 31

True breeding

Answer 31

An organism that always passes certian phenotypes to its offspring

Question 32

Hybrid

Answer 32

an offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera

Question 33

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 33

A set of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father

Question 34

Oogenesis

Answer 34

Creation of an egg cell-> goes through meiosis 1 and 2 and creates 3 polar bodies and one functioning egg cell

Question 35

Spermogenesis

Answer 35

Creation of sperm cells. | Goes through meiosis 1&2 to create 4 diploid sperm cells

Question 36

Pleiotropy

Answer 36

When a single gene has multiple phenotypes

Question 37

Epistasis

Answer 37

When a gene in one location effects genes in another