Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2019: OPT 112 AHP > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology vs cell physiology

A

Study of cellular structure vs study of cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common way to look at cells

A

Light microscope.

  • Compound
  • Dissecting

Can view the cell mitochondria and 1 micro meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Scanning tunneling microscope

A

Very new technology can view 0.001 micrometers. The size of a protein molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Confocal microscope

A

Higher resolution. Optically slices tissues so there is no out of focus tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron microscope types

A

Transmission, scanning, x ray detector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nuclear division

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytoplasmic division

A

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mitosis

A

One parent somatic cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meiosis

A

Reproductive cell division that produces eggs and sperm. Occurs only in the testes and ovary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Largest organelle in a cell

A

Nucleus (surrounded by 2 membranes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA polymerase creates DNA in which direction

A

DNA polymerase can only add onto the 3’ OH end of a DNA strand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Post-transcriptional modification to mRNA

A
  1. 5’ cap
  2. 3’ poly A tail
  3. Splice out introns, leaving only exons to exit the nucleus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polyribosome

A

10-20 ribosomes together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where can ribosomes be found

A

Free in the cytoplasm, on the RER, and inside the mitochondria to synthesize mitochondrial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polar amino acids

A

Have OH groups and hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary protein structure

A

Single strand of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary protein structure

A

Alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Three dimensional structure

20
Q

Quaternary

A

Multiple proteins consisting of a variety of bonds and interactions

21
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bond between a positive and negative molecule

22
Q

Covalent/disulfide bond

A

S-S

23
Q

What does the smooth ER synthesize

A

The smooth ER is a highly branched network that synthesizes Phospholipids, steroids, fats and detoxifies harmful substances (alcohol or drugs)

24
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Autolysis (lysosomal damage after death)

Autophagy (recycles own organelles)

25
Q

How are peroxisomes formed

A 
Formed from pre-existing peroxisomes 
Smaller than lysosomes 
Breaks down amino acids and fatty acids.
Oxidizes toxic substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde.
Contains catalase which decomposes H2O2
26
Q

Mitochondrial is the only organelle that can

A

Self replicate

27
Q

Mitochondrial concentrations increases when

A

Need for ATP increases. Metabolically active cell

28
Q

How many genes does mitochondria have and in what shape

A

37, circular

29
Q

Why is mitochondria only inherited from mother

A

When the sperm fertilizes the egg, the sperm tail breaks off upon entering the oocyte. All of the sperms mitochondria are located in the tail.

30
Q

How much percent of the cell is cytosol

A

55%
mostly water with other components such as
-large organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)
-Small organic molecules (simple sugars and ions)
Site of many important chemical reactions

31
Q

Protein subunit of :

Actin microfilament
Intermediate filament
Microtubule

A

Actin- G actin (thinnest)
Intermediate filament- Several proteins
Microtubule- Tubulin (thickest cytoskeleton filament)

32
Q

Cytoskeleton functions

A
  • Cell support and shape
  • Organization of chemical reactions
  • Cell and organelle movement
  • Continually reorganized
33
Q

Role of microfilaments

A
  • thinnest
  • made of G actin
  • Used for locomotion and division
  • Supports microvilli
34
Q

Role of intermediate filament

A

Is composed of several different proteins

Role is to anchor organelles

35
Q

Role of Microtubules

A
  • large cylindrical structure composed of tubulin

- Creates flagella, cilia, and centrosomes

36
Q

Centrosomes

A

Composed of 2 centrioles that are 90 degrees to each other. They are found near the nucleus in the pericentriolar area. This is the formation site for the mitotic spindle and microtubules organizing center.

37
Q

Structure of cilia and flagella

A

Pair of microtubules
Covered by cell membrane

Cilia- use for respiratory system. Short and multiple microtubules.

Flagella- use for reproductive system. Long and single.

38
Q

Cyclin

A

A protein that builds up during interphase and triggers mitosis

39
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death caused by injury or infection

40
Q

Ubiquitin

A

A small peptide that can attach to proteins that need to be targeted for degradation. This peptide then can direct the marked protein to a complex known as a proteasome (contains proteases), which unfolds the protein and breaks it down.

41
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increased number of cell divisions. Occurs due to carcinogens, x rays of viruses and may cause cancer.

42
Q

The plasma membrane is composed of 50% __ and 50% __

A

Lipids and proteins.
Lipids are barriers to entry of exit of polar substances.
Proteins are gate keepers and regulate traffic.

43
Q

Glycolipids in the cell membrane

A
  • Amphipathic molecules that are integral/intrinsic cell membrane proteins.
  • Extend into cell membrane.
  • Comprises 5% of the lipids in the cell membrane
  • Carbohydrate groups form a polar head only on one side of the membrane facing the aqueous fluid.
44
Q

The lipid bilayer is permeable to what

A

Nonpolar, small, uncharged molecules. Oxygen, Co2, steroids.

45
Q

Function of transmembrane proteins

A

Act as specific channels and allow small and medium polar and charged particles through.

46
Q

Does cholesterol stiffen or loosen the lipid bilayer

A

Stiffens by forming hydrogen bonds with neighboring phospholipid heads.
-Comprises 20% of the cell membrane lipids

47
Q

Shape of cholesterol

A

Stiff steroid ring and hydrocarbon tail are non polar and hide in the middle of the cell membrane.

Fall 2019: OPT 112 AHP (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions