Blood and Lymphatics Flashcards
What components make up the blood? (big picture)
55% is plasma
45% are cells (44% erythrocytes and 1% leukocytes)
Components of the plasma
90% water 8% proteins -Mostly albumin and some globulins. 5% fibrinogen. 0.1-1% of salts, lipids, and sugars.
How many liters of blood in males and females
4-5 in females
5-6 in males
males also have higher levels of RBCs and hemoglobin
Where are RBCs formed and what do they produce?
And their properties
Formed by reticulocytes in the bone marrow (epiphysis)
Produces hemoglobin with the bone marrow.
Properties: anuclear biconcave Highly deformable 120 day life span
Phagocytized in the spleen
Where are RBCs phagocytized
Spleen after 120 day life span
RBC disorders
Anemia- low cell count due to vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or Vitamin B9 (folic aid) deficiency or iron deficiency
Sickle cell- malformed RBCs due to gene mutation
What two vitamins are needed for DNA synthesis, so reproduction of all body cells can occur?
Vitamin B12- cobalamine
Vitamin B9- folic acid
What is required for hemoglobin synthesis
iron for heme group
Are their more granulocytes or agranulocytes in the blood?
There is only 1% of white blood cells in the blood.
Of the 1%, 65% are granulocytes (with the most being neutrophils, then eosinophils, then basophils) and 35% are agranulocytes (with the most being lymphocytes, and then monocytes)
What dye colors neutrophils
Neutrophils absorb both E and H, resulting in a light purple color when stained (mix of hot pink and violet)
H and E
Hematoxylin is a basic stain that stains acidic structures or basophilic structures. Stains dark purple.
Eosin is an acidic stain that stains basic structures of acidophilic structures. Stains pink.
Eosin dye stains eosinophils which color
Pink
Hematoxylin dye stains basophils which color
Dark purple, so dark that you can hardly see the nucleus
Which cells are classified as polymorphonuclear? PMN
Neutrophils
Group of WBCs that are considered mononuclear
Agranulocytes- Monocytes(macrophage, dendritic cell, and osteoclast precursor) and lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells)
Which cells can differentiate into osteoclast
Monocytes
Which WBC has a huge nucleus
Lymphocytes. B, T, and NK cells
Phagocytic WBCs
Mast cells, neutrophil, macrophage, dendritic cell
Progenitor cells
Pleuripotent stem cell
- Common myeloid progenitor
- Reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, and myeloblast
- common lymphoid progenitor
- Large granular lymphocytes and small lymphocytes
Reticulocyte is a progenitor cell of
Erythrocytes
Megakaryocyte is a progenitor cell of
Thrombocytes
Myeloblasts are progenitor cells of
Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, and monocytes (which are also progenitor cells)
Monocytes are progenitor cells of
Macrophages, Dendritic cells and osteoclasts
Common lymphoid is a progenitor cell of
Large granular lymphocyte and small lymphocytes (both progenitors)
Large granular lymphocyte is a progenitor cell of
NK cells
Small lymphocytes is a progenitor cell of
T cells
B cells
-plasma cells
Role of neutrophil PMN
Multi-lobed.
It is the most common WBC in the blood. It circulates, plays a big role in acute inflammation and phagocytosis. First on the scene.
Role of eosinophil
Bi-lobed.
Immune modulation, allergy, asthma, parasites.
(Neutrophil is more common, but basophil is less common comparatively)
Role of basophils
Bi-lobed
Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis and graft rejection. Least encountered in the blood.
Rank the WBCs from most common to least common
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
Hemostasis refers to
The stoppage of bleeding
The bodys hemostatic mechanisms are more effective where
In smaller blood vessels
Following injury to a vessel, three steps occur in hemostasis.
Blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation and blood coagulation
