Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2019: OPT 112 AHP > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Where does connective tissue originate from?

A

The mesoderm. (paraxial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classification of connective tissues

A

Ordinary (proper) includes

  • Loose/dense
  • Regular/irregular

Special includes

  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most abundant protein in the human body

A

Collagen
Provides tensile strength
Secreted into the extracellular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many types of collagen

A
  1. Most common are 1, 2,3, 4, and 7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tropocollagen

A

Amino acid monomer secreted by ___ and binds together to form a polymer, which is collagen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organization of collagen from collagen molecule to tendon unit

A

Collagen molecule- collagen fibril- collagen fiber- collagen fascicle- tendon unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrous collagen types

A

Type 1- most common. Dermis, ligaments, bone, and cornea.

Type 2- Think cartilage. Hyaline cartilage (which is articulating surfaces of bones, nose, and trachea)

Type 3- Reticular collagen. Meshwork in highly cellular organs (liver, spleen, kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Collagen found in epithelial basement membranes

A

Type 4- 2D matrix that forms the basal lamina, mesh-like.

Type 7- Basement membrane anchoring fibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The 2 types of connective tissue fibers

A

Elastin (E) and microfibrils (M, ML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do you find elastin?

A

Found where you want tissues to stretch, like your elbows and knees. Amorphous polymer of tropoelastin, which is similar to how collagen is produced.

Problem- Doesn’t lay down well in the extracellular matrix. Needs a scaffold for it to grow, which is composed of microfibrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of microfibrils

A

Structural scaffolding of elastin. Supports elastin deposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibril forming molecules

A

Fibrillin- scaffold for elastin deposition.

fibronectin- Helpful when closing gaping wounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common cartilage in human body

A

Hyaline Cartilage- can be found in the rib cage, trachea, bronchi, long bones, and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Costal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage of rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the only place that you can find hyaline cartilage without perichondrium

A

Joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where in the body can you find hyaline cartilage

A

Rib cage, trachea, bronchi, joints (without pericardium) and long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Hyaline + elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage

A

Outer ear and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

***Hyaline and elastic cartilage contain what type of collagen

A

2- where chrondroblasts and chondrocytes reside

Except the perichondrium has type 1 collagen (contains fibroblasts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibrocartilage cartilage contains which type of collagen

A

Contains both fibroblasts and chondroblasts and chondrocytes together. Happy family. Therefore, there is not a perichondrium. As if the perichondrium is mixed in

Has properties of regular connective tissue and cartilage.

Allows flexibility and strength.

Hybrid between true cartilage and true connective tissue.

Contains type 1 and type 2 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

**The fibrous layer of the perichronidrum in hyaline and elastic cartilage specifically contains which type of collagen

A

Type 1

22
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage

A

Outer layer of intervertebral disc, called the annulus fibrosus

Ligaments

Lines inside/fills extra space of foramen lacerum, where sympathetic innervation enters. Sympathetic innervation hitches a ride with the internal common carotid that enters the carotid canal nearby.

23
Q

Cell types in the bone

A

Osteoblasts- giveth
Osetocytes- maintenance
Osteroclasts- taketh away

24
Q

Bone types

A

Compact (cortical)

Cancellous AKA trabecular/spongy

25
Q

Periosteum. Where is it found and what layers does it have?

A

Outer layer of the bone.
Contains 2 layers-
1. Outer is the stratum fibrous. Type 1 collage, fibroblasts, dense irregular. Very similar in properties to fibrous tissue in perichondrium.
2. Inner is the Cambian layer (cellular) A layer of undifferentiated cells. Typically differentia

26
Q

Sharpey fibers

A

Helps connect periosteum to connective tissues.

Extra bonding strength to prevent breakage.

27
Q

Is periosteum found on bone joint?

A

No. Periosteum fades away and is replaced with hyaline cartilage.

28
Q

4 layers of compact bone

A

Periosteum

  1. Outer circumferential lamellae
  2. Inner circumferential lamellae
  3. Concentric/circular lamellae. Form a unit called an osteon, which is the general unit of compact bone.
  4. Interstitial lamellae. Fills space between osteons.
29
Q

basic unit of compact bone

A

Osteon, which is formed by concentric lamellae and filled in with interstitial lamellae

30
Q

Lacuna in bone

A

Cavity that is in compact bone after osteocyte leaves the calcified area.

31
Q

Canacliculi or canaliculus

A

Osteocyte cellular extensions that will leave behind a canal after calcification. These extensions will communicate with the vasculature of the bone

32
Q

Center of concentric lamella/center of osteon, we find?

A

The central canal, which contains longitudinal vasculature

33
Q

Central canals are linked via

A

Volkmann’s canal- transverse vascularization of arteries/veins/and lymphatics

34
Q

Volkmann’s

A

Communicates between the central canals of osteons

35
Q

Thin connective tissue that lines between compact and spongy bone.

A

Endosteum.

Much thinner than periosteum and contains osteoblasts and class.

36
Q

Osteoclasts in spongy bone

A

Are able to dissolve bone to liberate Ca2+ into the body using enzymes. The area they dissolve around them creates a cavity called howship lacuna.

37
Q

Howship lacuna

A

Cavity that is formed in spongy bone due to osteoclasts dissolving bone around itself.

38
Q

Intramembraneous ossification (IO) forms which type of bone? and what is it derived from?

A
  • Forms flat bones such as the skull, pelvis, vertebra, sternum
  • Derived from mesenchymal tissue
39
Q

2 types of bone development

A

Intramembraneous ossification- formation of flat bones. Derived from mesenchymal tissue.
Endochondral ossification- formation of long bones. Derived from hyaline cartilage.

40
Q

Endochondral ossification (EO) forms which type of bone? and what is it derived from?

A

Forms long bones, derived from hyaline cartilage.

41
Q

Spongy area in flat bones

A

Diploe

42
Q

Primary and secondary ossification of endochondral long bones

A

Primary- ossification of the diaphysis (Shaft)

Secondary- ossification of the epiphysis (ends)

43
Q

Layers of the growth plate

A

Reserve- mitosis
proliferation- very active chondrogenic cells, undergoing mitosis
maturation- cell activity decreases but cell grows in size
hypertrophy/calcification- cells can no longer grow, being to calcify.
degernation- Cells are replaced by osteogenic cells
osteogenic - true bone

44
Q

Metaphysis

A

Transition layer between epiphysis and diaphysis. Transition from cartilage to bone.

45
Q

Bone repair simple mechanism

A

uses a hyaline cartilage template before osteogenic cells replace it. Healed fracture leaves behind secondary bone, or callus.

46
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely moveable joint

47
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immoveable joint or minimal movement. Ex: hyaline cartilage in ribs, skull sutures

48
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of bone. (Does not have a perichondrium. Do not want this cartilage to grow)

49
Q

Hernitated disc

A

Occurs when annulus fibrosis around the nucleus pulposus ruptures. When it ruptures, the nucleus pulposus will expand to fill the space, which results in compression of the spinal cord.

50
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Indirectly block osteoclast activity.

Results in bone mass increase.

Fall 2019: OPT 112 AHP (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions