Cell Biology

Question 1

PMP cell stabilization

Answer 1

Actin, Spectrin

Hereditary spherocytosis- mutation in Spectrin causes RBC’s to become spherical and burst

Question 2

Membrane Protein Functions

Answer 2

Transporters
Anchors
Receptors
Enzymes

Question 3

Glycocalyx

Answer 3

Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans

Question 4

Smooth ER Functions

Answer 4

Lipid, steroid biosynthesis
Detoxification
Drug metabolism
Calcium storage

Question 5

Rough ER Functions

Answer 5

Proteins that will be exported from the cell, secretary proteins
Lysosomal proteins
Membrane proteins

Question 6

Golgi things to know

Answer 6

Cis>medial>trans transport using vesicles

Secratory vesicles bus from trans Golgi Network (TGN)

Question 7

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 7

Uses a coated pit-uses PM to engulf and break off something extracellularly and bring it inside
Endoscopes-distinct organelles, vesicles bringing stuff in from outside

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Vesicle pH maintained by a pump

Question 9

Phosphatidyl Serine

Answer 9

The negative one

Question 10

Curare

Answer 10

Toxin that blocks Ach

Question 11

Carrier Transport

Answer 11

Faster than simple diffusion

Question 12

P type pump

Answer 12

ATP driven

Small ions

Question 13

ABC pump

Answer 13

ATP driven

Small molecules

Question 14

Intermediate filaments

Answer 14

Used for receptor-nucleus signaling
Basic structure is a coiled coil tetramer
No directionality= no transport

Question 15

Actin Filaments

Answer 15

+ end is fast growing; - end is slow growing
Helical structure made of globule monomers
Uses ATP for building, but doesn’t need it

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

AB tubulin monomers
Oriented and builds like actin
Uses GTP to build
Used for cilia, flagella, centrioles

Question 17

Primary cilium

Answer 17

Non motile; sensory

Used in hh pathway

Question 18

+ tip proteins

Answer 18

Associate with the growing end to prevent catastrophe

Associate with kinetochore

Question 19

Phalloidin

Answer 19

Binds and stabilizes actin filaments

Question 20

Taxol

Answer 20

Binds and stabilizes micro tubules

GOOD FOR ANTI-CANCER

Question 21

Colchicine

Answer 21

Depolymerizes micro tubules

Question 22

ATP 2/3 complex

Answer 22

Facilitates actin branching for cellular migration

Question 23

Listeria Bacteria

Answer 23

Hijacks Arp 2/3 mechanism and uses it to move around cell like a comet

Question 24

Myosin

Answer 24

+ directed on actin

Myosin II and V

Question 25

Kinesin

Answer 25

+ end directed on micro tubules

Question 26

Dynein

Answer 26

- end directed on micro tubules | Found in ciliary and flagellar arms for beating

Question 27

Types of Myosin

Answer 27

I-micro villus II-contraction, microfilments V-Carries cargo

Question 28

Ran GTP in nucleus

Answer 28

Binds AB importin and dissociates it from the target protein | Dissociates from AB by GAP activity

Question 29

SRP

Answer 29

Signal Recognition Particle | Binds ctyosolic ribosome at N terminus and directs it to

Question 30

Glycosylation

Answer 30

Addition of sugar polymer to tag protein and act as recognition through certain post translational modifications

Question 31

ARF

Answer 31

Used for COP-I vesicle formation

Question 32

Sar

Answer 32

Used for formation of COP-II vesicles

Question 33

COP II Transport

Answer 33

ER to Cis Golgi

Question 34

COP I transport

Answer 34

Retrograde

Question 35

Cathrin Transport

Answer 35

Anything to do with endosomes

Question 36

Rab Proteins

Answer 36

Used for vesicle targeting and recognition

Question 37

V snares

Answer 37

Hook onto the vesicle

Question 38

T snares

Answer 38

Hook onto the target (Golgi, endosome, etc)

Question 39

Trans Golgi

Answer 39

Where protein segregation and sorting begins

Question 40

Adapting

Answer 40

Bind both clathrins and cargo receptors | If damaged, the whole system goes to hell

Question 41

Tight junction

Answer 41

Occulin, claudin | At very top of cell to prevent leaks between cells

Question 42

Belt junctions

Answer 42

Cadherins Bind actin on cytoskeleton Zona adherins

Question 43

Spot desmosomes

Answer 43

Macula adherins Cadherins with keratin fibers coming out Attaches to intermediate filament

Question 44

Hemidesmosome

Answer 44

Attaches to basal lamina | Integrin a6b4 and intermediate filaments

Question 45

Focal adhesion

Answer 45

Necessary for cell survival, growth, and hemidesmosomes | Integrins and actin

Question 46

Gap junctions

Answer 46

Use 6 Connexin molecules | Used in muscle cells for molecular communication

Question 47

Selectins

Answer 47

Serve as speed bumps to slow down leukocytes Activated by calcium binding Recognizes stuff by carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD)

Question 48

IG superfamily

Answer 48

Bind to identical molecules on another cell (trans-homo) or other members of the family (trans-hetero) T cell interactions, and leukocyte to surface interactions Help leukocytes to zorp into cells