Cartilaginous Fishes - Distribution and Ecology

Question 1

primary habitats

Answer 1

marine environments

Question 2

live in chilly Arctic waters

Answer 2

Sleeper sharks

Question 3

bottom of the Red Sea

Answer 3

Bigeye hound sharks

Question 4

can survive extremely well in fresh water and has been known to travel 1,609 km

Answer 4

Bull shark

Question 5

where do sharks usually live

Answer 5

• warm, shallow waters
• near coral reefs and mangroves
• bottom of the sea

Question 6

found in benthic habitats and are bottom feeders

Answer 6

rays and skates (Batoidea)

Question 7

prefer deep-sea environments and are less diverse than sharks and rays

Answer 7

Chimaeras (Holocephali)

Question 8

gathering spot where the usually solitary animals go to eat and mate

Answer 8

cafe

Question 9

peak time of cafe

Answer 9

April - July

Question 10

main threats

Answer 10

1. accidental capture in trawls
2. pollution
3. habitat loss
4. degradation
5. shark finning
6. overfishing

Question 11

countries that catch the most sharks in the Mediterranean Sea

Answer 11

1. Turkey
2. Tunisia
3. Greece
4. Italy
5. Spain
6. Croatia
7. Egypt

Question 12

conservation actions from IUCN

Answer 12

1. no fishing beyon the depth of 1,000 m
2. no drift netting with nets greater than 2.5km in length
3. shark finning banned
4. minimiz accidental captures to preserve future species

Question 13

• where is the Philippines located
• known for its high marine biodiversity

Answer 13

Coral Triangle

Question 14

new species of gollumshark

Answer 14

Gollum sulunensis

Question 15

where researchers documented 23 species of sharks and rays

Answer 15

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

Question 16

first Philippine record of the reef manta ray

Answer 16

Mobula alfredi

Question 17

diet and food habits of sharks

Answer 17

carnivorus, apex predators that feed on fish, turtles, and marine mammals

Question 18

feed on invertebrates like crustaceans, mollusks and cephalopods

Answer 18

rays and skates

Question 19

feed mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates such as crabs, mollusks, octopuses, marine worms, and sea urchins

Answer 19

chimaeras

Question 20

decaying flesh of dead animals

Answer 20

carrion

Question 21

reproductive behavior

Answer 21

1. internal fertilization
2. males have claspers
3. male coils around the female
4. male parallel with female

Question 22

shark eggs are aka as

Answer 22

Mermaid’s purse

Question 23

the largest and strongest embryo actually consumes its lesser wombmates

Answer 23

Intrauterine Cannibalism/ Ovophagy

Question 24

first genetic evidence of parthenogensis in sharks

Answer 24

hammerhead shark (Sphyrna tiburo)

Question 25

what do male skates have on the dorsal side of each pectoral fin

Answer 25

clawlike spines

Question 26

what do chimaeroids use to secure female

Answer 26

• frontal spine and
• anterior appendages of pelvic fins

Question 27

ex. of oviparous cartilaginous fishes

Answer 27

• catsharks
• skates
• horn sharks
• swell sharks

Question 28

ex. of viviparous cartilagnious fishes

Answer 28

hammerhead sharks

Question 29

ex. of ovoviviparous cartilaginous fishes

Answer 29

mackerel sharks

Question 30

group of eggs in a membrane

Answer 30

candle

Question 31

becomes coiled around sea weeds to anchor firmly the egg case

Answer 31

tendrils

Question 32

breeding sites of bull shark and sandbaar shark

Answer 32

shallow waters of bays and estuaries

Question 33

breeding sites of silky shark

Answer 33

bottom far out on oceanic banks

Question 34

breeding sites of atlantic spiny dogfish

Answer 34

far out on the continental shelf of northeastern America during winter

Question 36

time between conception and birth, when an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus

Answer 36

Gestation

Question 37

gestation of rays

Answer 37

2 month

Question 38

gestation for piked dogfish

Answer 38

18-24 mon

Question 39

gestation of basking sharks

Answer 39

31/2 years

Question 40

• periodically deposited on vertebrae of some sharks
• may stop developing on older sharks

Answer 40

growth rings