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ZOO101 - Vertebrate Zoology > Bony Fishes - Systematics and Taxonomy > Flashcards

Bony Fishes - Systematics and Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

taxonomy of class osteichthyes

A
  1. Domain Eukaryota
  2. Kingdom Animalia
  3. Phylum Chordata
  4. Subphylum Vertebrata
  5. Class Osteichthyes
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2
Q

subclass of osteichthyes

A
  1. Subclass Sarcopterygii
  2. Subclass Actinopterygii
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3
Q

greek word saropterygii

A
  1. sareos = fish
  2. pterygium = fin
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4
Q

characteristic of sublass sarcopterygii

A

fleshy, lobed pectoral and pelvic fin supported by bones

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5
Q

no. of dorsal fin of subclass sarcopterygii

A

2 with separate bases

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6
Q

all early sarcopterygians have what

A
  • lungs
  • gills
  • heterocercal tail
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7
Q

later sarcopterygians have what

A

continuous flexible fin around the tail

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8
Q

sublass sarcopterygians are considered as what

A

ancestors of terrestrial vertebrates due to their limb-like structure

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9
Q

two orders under subclass sarcopterygii

A
  1. Order Crossopterygii
  2. Order Dipnoi
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10
Q

greek word crossopterygii

A
  1. crossoi = fringe
  2. pteryx = fin
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11
Q

paired fins of order crossopterygii

A

lobate

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12
Q

caudal fin of order crossopterygii

A

three-lobed

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13
Q

premaxillae and maxillae of order crossopterygii

A

present

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14
Q

internal nares of order crossopterygii

A

present or absent, spiracles present

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15
Q

living genus of primitive fleshy-finned fishes

A

Latimeria

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16
Q

greek word dipnoi

A
  1. di = double
  2. pnoe = breathing
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17
Q

median fins of order dipnoi

A

continuous, forming a diphycercal tail

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18
Q

tail of of order dipnoi

A

diphycercal tail

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19
Q

premaxillae and maxillae of order dipnoi

A

absent

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20
Q

internal nares of order dipnoi

A

present, spiracles absent

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21
Q

examples under order dipnoi

A

lungfishes

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22
Q

living genera of lungfishes

A
  1. Neoceratodus
  2. Protopterus
  3. Lepidosiren
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23
Q

greek word actinopterygii

A
  1. actis = ray
  2. pteryz = fin
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24
Q

characteristic of subclass actinopterygii

A

ray-supported fin

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25
Q

ray-supported fins provide what

A

agility, efficient for swimming

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26
Q

dorsal fin of subclass actinopterygii

A

single dorsal fin that may be divided

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27
Q

superorder under subclass actinopterygii

A
  1. Superorder Chondrostei
  2. Superorder Holostei
  3. Superorder Teleostei
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28
Q

used to be grouped into two main groups: holostei and teleostei

A

Neopterygians (“new fins”)

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29
Q

greek word chondrosei

A
  1. chondros = cartilage
  2. osteon = bone
30
Q

skeleton of superorder chondrostei

A

primarily cartilaginous

31
Q

mouth of superorder chondrostei

A

large mouth opening

32
Q

scales of superorder chondrostei

A

usually ganoid

33
Q

tail fin of superorder chondrostei

A

heterocercal

34
Q

orders under superorder chondrostei

A
  1. Order Polypteriformes
  2. Order Acipenseriformes
35
Q
  • Rhomboid Ganoid Scales
  • Lobed Pectoral Fins
  • Dorsal Fin composed of 8 or more Finlets
  • Ossified Skeleton
  • Example: Polypetrus ornatipinnis (Ornate Bichir)
A

Order Polypteriformes

36
Q

scales of Order Polypteriformes

A

rhomboid ganoid

37
Q

pectoral fins of Order Polypteriformes

38
Q

dorsal fin of Order Polypteriformes

A

composed of 8 or more finlets

39
Q

skeleton of Order Polypteriformes

40
Q

example from Order Polypteriformes

A

Polypterus omatipinnis (Ornate Bichir)

41
Q
  • Scaleless except for Bony (Ganoid) scutes
  • Largely Cartilaginous Skeleton
  • Example: Acipenser transmontanus (White sturgeon)
A

Order Acipenseriformes

42
Q

scales of order acipensiformes

A

scaleless except for bony (ganoid) scutes

43
Q

skeleton of order acipenseriformes

A

largely cartilaginous

44
Q

example from order acipenseriformes

A

Acipenser transmontanus (White Sturgeon)

45
Q

greek word holostei

A
  1. holos = entire
  2. osteon = bone
46
Q

mouth size of superorder holostei

A

mouth size is small

47
Q

tail fin of of superorder holostei

A

heterocercal

48
Q

skeleton of superorder holostei

A

more ossified

49
Q

order under superorder holostei

A
  1. Order Amiiformes
  2. Order Lepisosteiformes
50
Q
  • Cycloid scales
  • Long Dorsal Fin - movement control
  • Example: Amia calva (Bowfin)
A

Order Amiiformes

51
Q

scales of order amiiformes

A

cycloid scales

52
Q

dorsal fin of order amiiformes

A

long dorsal fin for movement control

53
Q

example under order amiiformes

A

Amia calva (Bowfin)

54
Q
  • Long, torpedo-shaped bodies with elongated jaws and sharp teeth
  • Armor-like ganoid scales
    -Example: Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar)
A

Order Lepisosteiformes

55
Q

body of order lepisosteiformes

A

long, torpedo-shaped

56
Q

jaws and teeth of order lepisosteiformes

A

elongated jaws and sharp teeth

57
Q

scales of order lepisosteiformes

A

armor-like ganoid scales

58
Q

example of order lepisosteiformes

A

Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar)

59
Q

greek word teleostei

A
  1. teleios = complete
  2. osteon = bone
60
Q

order under superorder teleostei

A
  1. Order Perciformes
  2. Order Cypriniformes
  3. Order Clupeiformes
  4. Order Scopeliformes
  5. Order Anguilliformes
  6. Order Beloniformes
  7. Order Syngnathiformes
  8. Order Channiformes
  9. Order Symbranchiformes
  10. Order Mastacembeliformes
  11. Order Scorpaenifornies
  12. Order Pleuronectiformes
  13. Order Echeneiformes
  14. Order Tetraodontiformes
  15. Order Lophiformes or Pediculati
61
Q
  • largest order of fish, found in both freshwater and marine environments
  • spiny and soft-rayed fins
  • ctenoid scales
  • homocercal tail
A

Order perciformes

62
Q

fins of Order perciformes

A

spiny and soft-rayed

63
Q

scales of Order perciformes

A

ctenoid scales

64
Q

tail of Order perciformes

A

homocercal tail

65
Q

example under Order perciformes

A

Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia)

66
Q
  • Largest Freshwater Fish Order - Over 4,000 species, mostly found inrivers, lakes, and ponds.
  • No True Teeth in Jaws – Instead, they have pharyngeal teeth.
  • Soft-Rayed Fins Without Spines
  • Scales Can Be Cycloid or Absent
  • Well-Developed Barbels in Some Species
  • E.g. Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)
A

Order Cypriniformes

67
Q

teeth of Order Cypriniformes

A
  • have pharyngeal teeth
  • no true teeth in jaws
68
Q

fins of Order Cypriniformes

A

soft-rayed fins without spines

69
Q

scales of Order Cypriniformes

A

can be cycloid or absent

70
Q

what do some species under Order Cypriniformes have

A

well-developed barbels

71
Q

example under Order Cypriniformes

A

Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)

ZOO101 - Vertebrate Zoology (13 decks)

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