Bony Fishes - Physiology (1-5) Flashcards
parts of the brain
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
Involved in olfactory or smell processing and behavior (e.g. eels havea good sense of smell)
Forebrain
Processes vision, learning, and motor responses (e.g. mudskippershave excellent eyesight)
Midbrain
Coordinates movement, muscle tone, and balance. It also processessensory information (e.g. sailfish and marlin)
Hindbrain
two types of nerves in peripheral
- somatic
- autonomic
Control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Somatic nerves
Regulate involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, andetc.
Autonomic nerves
unique adaptation that allows bony fishes to sense changes inwater pressure and detect prey or predators in their surroundings.
Lateral Line System
mechanoreceptive organ or displacement-sensitive organ withhair-like cells
Neuromasts
- Segmented
- W-shaped muscle bands responsible for locomotion
Myomeres
Connective tissue layers that separate each myomere
Myosepta
Rich in myoglobin and mitochondria; used for sustainedswimming
Red Muscle Fibers
Adapted for rapid bursts of movement; for quick strikes ofambush predators.
White Muscle Fibers
pectoral and pelvic fins
used for steering and stabilization
dorsal and anal fins
assist in maintaining balance, preventing rolling while the fish moves
caudal fins
provde lateral thrust that propels fish through water
close the jaw
adductors
open the jaw
abductors
two parts of the bony fish skeleton
- axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
Central support structure of the body and houses and protects the spinal cord and brain
Axial Skeleton
supports the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for the flexibility
Vertebrae column
provide structural support and help protect internal organs
Ribs
protects the brain and sensory organs
Cranium (Skull)
plays a cricial role in locomotion and maneuverability
appendicular skeleton
parts of the appendicular skleton
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
- pectoral and pelvic fins
- caudal fins
supports the pectoral fins
pectoral girdle
supports the pelvic fins
pelvic girdle
Primary respiratory organ that extracts oxygen from water and expelscarbon dioxide
Gills
parts of the gills
- gill arches
- gill filaments
- gill lamellae
bony structure providing support for the gill filaments
Gill Arches
long, thin, thread-like structures that provide a large surface areafor gas exchange
Gill Filaments
tiny, plate-like structures found on the gill filaments
Gill Lamellae
Protective bony flap that covers the gills; serves as a shield
Operculum
Occurs between the water and blood flow in thegills, maximizing oxygen absorption.
Countercurrent exchange
water flow and ventilation
- buccal pump ventilation
- ram ventilation
Fish actively move water through their gills by opening and closing their mouths
Buccal Pump Ventilation
Fish forces water over its gills by swimming with its mouth open.
Ram Ventilation
heart of fishes
two chambered: one atrium, one ventricle
Located after the ventricle that helps in smoothing the flow of blood and avoiding pulsations from the heart.
Bulbus Arteriosus
Blood passes through the heart only once
Single Circulatory Loop
two stages of the single circulatory loop
- deoxygenated blood
- oxygenated blood
Pumped from the heart to the gills for oxygenation.
Deoxygenated blood
Travels from the gills through the arteries to various body tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients.
Oxygenated blood
Carry oxygen-rich blood from the gills to the body.
Arteries
Return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Veins
Small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs in the gills and body tissues.
Capillaries
