Bony Fishes - Physiology (1-5)

Question 1

parts of the brain

Answer 1

1. forebrain
2. midbrain
3. hindbrain

Question 2

Involved in olfactory or smell processing and behavior (e.g. eels havea good sense of smell)

Answer 2

Forebrain

Question 3

Processes vision, learning, and motor responses (e.g. mudskippershave excellent eyesight)

Answer 3

Midbrain

Question 4

Coordinates movement, muscle tone, and balance. It also processessensory information (e.g. sailfish and marlin)

Answer 4

Hindbrain

Question 5

two types of nerves in peripheral

Answer 5

1. somatic
2. autonomic

Question 6

Control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Answer 6

Somatic nerves

Question 7

Regulate involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, andetc.

Answer 7

Autonomic nerves

Question 8

unique adaptation that allows bony fishes to sense changes inwater pressure and detect prey or predators in their surroundings.

Answer 8

Lateral Line System

Question 9

mechanoreceptive organ or displacement-sensitive organ withhair-like cells

Answer 9

Neuromasts

Question 10

• Segmented
• W-shaped muscle bands responsible for locomotion

Answer 10

Myomeres

Question 11

Connective tissue layers that separate each myomere

Answer 11

Myosepta

Question 12

Rich in myoglobin and mitochondria; used for sustainedswimming

Answer 12

Red Muscle Fibers

Question 13

Adapted for rapid bursts of movement; for quick strikes ofambush predators.

Answer 13

White Muscle Fibers

Question 14

pectoral and pelvic fins

Answer 14

used for steering and stabilization

Question 15

dorsal and anal fins

Answer 15

assist in maintaining balance, preventing rolling while the fish moves

Question 16

caudal fins

Answer 16

provde lateral thrust that propels fish through water

Question 17

close the jaw

Answer 17

adductors

Question 18

open the jaw

Answer 18

abductors

Question 19

two parts of the bony fish skeleton

Answer 19

1. axial skeleton
2. appendicular skeleton

Question 20

Central support structure of the body and houses and protects the spinal cord and brain

Answer 20

Axial Skeleton

Question 21

supports the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for the flexibility

Answer 21

Vertebrae column

Question 22

provide structural support and help protect internal organs

Answer 22

Ribs

Question 23

protects the brain and sensory organs

Answer 23

Cranium (Skull)

Question 24

plays a cricial role in locomotion and maneuverability

Answer 24

appendicular skeleton

Question 25

parts of the appendicular skleton

Answer 25

1. pectoral girdle 2. pelvic girdle 3. pectoral and pelvic fins 4. caudal fins

Question 26

supports the pectoral fins

Answer 26

pectoral girdle

Question 27

supports the pelvic fins

Answer 27

pelvic girdle

Question 28

Primary respiratory organ that extracts oxygen from water and expelscarbon dioxide

Answer 28

Gills

Question 29

parts of the gills

Answer 29

1. gill arches 2. gill filaments 3. gill lamellae

Question 30

bony structure providing support for the gill filaments

Answer 30

Gill Arches

Question 31

long, thin, thread-like structures that provide a large surface areafor gas exchange

Answer 31

Gill Filaments

Question 32

tiny, plate-like structures found on the gill filaments

Answer 32

Gill Lamellae

Question 33

Protective bony flap that covers the gills; serves as a shield

Answer 33

Operculum

Question 34

Occurs between the water and blood flow in thegills, maximizing oxygen absorption.

Answer 34

Countercurrent exchange

Question 35

water flow and ventilation

Answer 35

1. buccal pump ventilation 2. ram ventilation

Question 36

Fish actively move water through their gills by opening and closing their mouths

Answer 36

Buccal Pump Ventilation

Question 37

Fish forces water over its gills by swimming with its mouth open.

Answer 37

Ram Ventilation

Question 38

heart of fishes

Answer 38

two chambered: one atrium, one ventricle

Question 39

Located after the ventricle that helps in smoothing the flow of blood and avoiding pulsations from the heart.

Answer 39

Bulbus Arteriosus

Question 40

Blood passes through the heart only once

Answer 40

Single Circulatory Loop

Question 41

two stages of the single circulatory loop

Answer 41

1. deoxygenated blood 2. oxygenated blood

Question 42

Pumped from the heart to the gills for oxygenation.

Answer 42

Deoxygenated blood

Question 43

Travels from the gills through the arteries to various body tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients.

Answer 43

Oxygenated blood

Question 44

Carry oxygen-rich blood from the gills to the body.

Answer 44

Arteries

Question 45

Return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Answer 45

Veins

Question 46

Small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs in the gills and body tissues.

Answer 46

Capillaries