cardiovasular system

Question 1

what side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 1

left

Question 2

what side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 2

right

Question 3

what do the atria do?

Answer 3

receive blood from the body/lungs

Question 4

what do the ventricles do?

Answer 4

discharge blood to the body/lungs

Question 5

what does the septum do?

Answer 5

separates the left side and right side of the heart

Question 6

what are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 6

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 7

what is the epicardium?

Answer 7

protective layer (outer layer)

Question 8

what is the myocardium?

Answer 8

muscular tissue (middle layer)

Question 9

what is the endocardium?

Answer 9

lines inside of heart (inner layer)

Question 10

what are the 4 valves?

Answer 10

aortic
mitral
pulmonary
tricuspid

Question 11

where is the aortic valve?

Answer 11

between the left ventricle and aorta

Question 12

where is the mitral valve?

Answer 12

between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 13

where is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 13

between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 14

where is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 14

between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 15

what are 4 components to erythrocytes?

Answer 15

no nucleus
don’t replicate
contain haemoglobin
flat in shape for large surface area

Question 16

what are 4 components of leukocytes?

Answer 16

fight infection
engulf pathogens (phagocytosis)
release destructive enzymes
produce antibodies

Question 17

what is systemic circulation?

Answer 17

carries oxygenated blood to the body and returns with materials that need to be excreted

Question 18

what is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 18

takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs to be oxygenated

Question 19

what are the 3 layers of an artery?

Answer 19

outer layer = thick fibrous layer of connecting tissues
middle layer =smooth muscle that contains elastin
inner layer = lined with endothelium

Question 20

where are antibodies and antigens stored?

Answer 20

antibodies = in blood
antigens = on the blood cell

Question 21

what is heart rate?

Answer 21

healthy adult averages 60-80bpm

Question 22

what is cardiac output?

Answer 22

quantity of blood expelled from the heart in one beat (millilitres)

Question 23

what is blood pressure?

Answer 23

the force exerted on the vessel walls by the blood

Question 24

what is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 24

left ventricle contracts and pushes blood into the aorta

Question 25

what is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 25

pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes or rests

Question 26

what is the standard BP?

Answer 26

120/80mmhg

Question 27

what is heart rate controlled by?

Answer 27

nerve impulses which cause a wave of contraction

Question 28

what does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 28

speeds up the heart rate

Question 29

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 29

slows down the heart rate

Question 30

what is the sinoatrial?

Answer 30

in the right atrium and is the body’s natural pace maker where the impulse starts

Question 31

what is the atrioventricular?

Answer 31

located in the AV septum between the atrium and ventricle

Question 32

what is the bundle of his?

Answer 32

signal goes down the septum

Question 33

what are the purkinje fibres?

Answer 33

runs up the ventricles which causes them to contract upwards

Question 34

what is the p-wave caused by in the PQRST?

Answer 34

caused by the SA node, contraction of the atriums

Question 35

what is the QRS complex in the PQRST?

Answer 35

bundle of his and purkinje fibres, contraction of the ventricles

Question 36

what is the t-wave in the PQRST?

Answer 36

ventricles relaxing, as they are so big they still cause a signal