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Anatomy 2 > cardiovascular system-heart: functions of the heart > Flashcards

cardiovascular system-heart: functions of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

heart is surrounded by

A

pericardial sac

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2
Q

the pericardium has what 4 things:

A

outer parietal membrane
inner visceral membrane
pericardial sac
pericardial fluid

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3
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough fibrous outer layer
Prevents over distention; acts as anchor

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4
Q

serous pericardium

A

thin, transparent, inner layer
simple squamous epithelium

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5
Q

parietal pericardium

A

lines the fibrous outer layer

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6
Q

visceral pericardium

A

(epicardium)
covers heart surface

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7
Q

the serous pericardium consists of what 2 pericardium?

A

parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium

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8
Q

the parietal and visceral pericardium are

A

continuous and have a pericardial cavity between them filled with pericardial fluid

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9
Q

pericardial fluid prevents

A

friction due to pumping action of the heart

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10
Q

the heart wall has how many layers

A

3

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11
Q

the 3 layers of the heart is:

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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12
Q

epicardium

A

outermost layer
visceral pericardium
consists of exposed mesothelium and an inner loose areolar tissue attached to myocardium
covers the heart

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13
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer
muscular wall of the heart
forms the atria and ventricles
made up of cardiac muscle tissue

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14
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer
lines the chambers of the heart, including heart valves and endothelium of the attached blood vessels

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15
Q

left half of the heart contains

A

oxygenated blood

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16
Q

right half of the heart contains

A

deoxygenated blood

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17
Q

there is no _____ of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

A

mixing

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18
Q

which part of the heart receives blood

A

atria receives blood

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19
Q

which part of the heart pumps blood out of the heart

A

ventricles

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20
Q

great veins and arteries at the

A

base

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21
Q

pointed tip is

A

apex

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22
Q

heart consists of 2 upper chambers

A

atria

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23
Q

heart consists of 2 lower chambers

A

ventricles made of cardiac muscles

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24
Q

which part have thinner walls

A

atria

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25
Q

which part of the heart has thicker walls

A

ventricles

26
Q

what separates atria

A

interatrial septum

27
Q

what separates the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

28
Q

the right atrium has what 2 things

A

foramen ovale
pectinate muscles

29
Q

foramen ovale

A

before birth, is an opening through interatrial septum
connects the 2 atria
seals off at birth, forming fossa ovalis

30
Q

pectinate muscles

A

prominent muscular ridges on atrial walls

31
Q

to the right atrium opens

A

superior venacava
inferior venacava

32
Q

superior venacava

A

brings deoxygenated blood from above the heart to the right atrium
the head, neck, upper limbs and chest

33
Q

inferior venacava

A

brings deoxygenated blood from below the heart
body, trunk, viscera, lower limbs

34
Q

the cardiac veins return the blood to the

A

coronary sinus opens into the right atrium inferior to the connection with the superior vena cava.

to the opening lies near the posterior edge of the interatrial septum

35
Q

to the left atrium opens ___ pulmonary veins

A

4 pulmonary veins

36
Q

the pulmonary veins

A

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

37
Q

from the _____ _____ leaves ____ ____

A

from the right ventricle leaves pulmonary artery

38
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation

39
Q

conus arteriosus (superior end of right ventricle) leads to

A

pulmonary trunk

40
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

divided into 2 branches
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
deoxygenated blood from right arm/head to the heart for oxygenation

41
Q

right common carotid artery

A

oxygenated blood to right side of neck/head

42
Q

right subclavian artery

A

oxygenated blood to the right arm

43
Q

left common carotid artery

A

oxygenated blood to left side of neck and head

44
Q

left subclavian artery

A

oxygenated blood to left arm

45
Q

tricuspid valve

A

prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium

46
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery to right ventricle

47
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

prevents backflow from aorta to left ventricle

48
Q

bicuspid valve

A

(mitral valve)
prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium

49
Q

aorta

A

carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to different parts of the body

50
Q

chordae tendinae

A

attaches valves to ventricle walls

51
Q

all veins carry oxygenated blood except

A

pulmonary veins

52
Q

systole:

A

contraction

53
Q

diastole:

A

relaxation

54
Q

atrial systole:

A

atrium contracts

55
Q

opening of valves due to

A

pressure

56
Q

what separates ventricles and atria

A

atrioventricular groove

57
Q

what is a atrioventricular groove is a

A

fibrous skeleton which consists of 4 rings of dense connective tissue

58
Q

what is the ring of the atrioventricular groove called

A

annulus fibrosus
has a heart valve attached to it

59
Q

2 major circuits

A

pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit

60
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

circulation between the heart and lungs and back to the heart

61
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation between the heart and body and back to the heart

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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