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Anatomy 2 > cardiovascular system-blood: hemopoisis > Flashcards

cardiovascular system-blood: hemopoisis Flashcards

1
Q

hemopoisis:

A

productions of ALL blood cells

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2
Q

leukocytes is classified in 2 groups:

A

granulocytes
agranulotes

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3
Q

granulocytes are classified in to 3 groups

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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4
Q

agranulocytes is classified in 2 groups

A

monocytes
lymphocytes

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5
Q

neutrophils

A

50-70% of circultaing WBC
multilobed nucleus (2-5 lobes)
first to arrive at the site of injury
phagocytic in function
phagocytosis
secrete lysozyme (destroy certain bacteria)

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6
Q

phagocytic in function

A

engulf the bacteria and other microscopic organisms and destroy them

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7
Q

phagocytosis

A

process of taking bacteria and destroying it

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8
Q

eosinophil

A

2-4% circulating WBCS
bilobed nucleus
deep red granules
opsonization: cannot engulf all pathogens, only pathogens coated in antibodies
sensitive to allergies: produce toxic compounds like nitric oxide and by exocytosis destroy large parasites like roundworms, etc.
found in sites of injury and release inflammation
destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine

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9
Q

basophil

A

less than 1% of circulating WBCS
“fetus” shaped nucleus
discharge the granules which contain histamine and heparin in the injury site:
histamine: dilates the blood vessels and increases inflammation
heparin: prevent blood clotting
role in both inflammatory response and allergic reactions

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10
Q

monocytes

A

2-8% circulating WBCS
large bean shaped nucleus
they enter peripheral tissues and become macrophages which are phagocytic
can break down antigens and present them to lymphocytes for recognition
associated with chronic infection
active monocytes release chemical, chemoattractants to attract and stimulate neutrophils, monocytes,and other phagocytic cells
they secrete substances to draw fibroblasts to produce scar tissue

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11
Q

lymphocytes

A

20-40% of circulating WBCS
a large round nucleus surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm
parts of the adaptive immune system
produced in red bone marrow but then migrate to lymphatic tissues and proliferate
found in blood and lymphatic organs like:
spleen, thymus lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues

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12
Q

3 types of lymphocytes

A

T-Cells
B Cells
Natural Killer Cells

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13
Q

T-Cells

A

for cell-mediated immunity
attack and destroy foreign cells and infected cells or control the activities of other lymohcytes

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14
Q

B Cells

A

responsible for humoral immunity by producing antibodies which are distributed by blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid to fight against antigens

the antibodies can destroy the antigens anywhere in the body while T cells have their effect only on target cells

activated B cells differentiate in to plasma cells which can synthesize and secrete antibodies

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15
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

identify and destroy abnormal cells

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16
Q

what is important in preventing cancer

A

large granular lymphocytes

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17
Q

B Cells–>

A

activated by Helper T-Cells—> plasma cells–> antibodies

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18
Q

what are activated B cells

A

plasma cells that produce antibodies

19
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

done B cells (antibody mediated immunity)
specific pathogens to destroy, not all pathogens

20
Q

neutrophils and eosinophils are what? and what can they do

A

neutrophils and eosinophils are microphages
this means they can engulf and destroy pathogens

21
Q

what are the WBC disorders

A

leukopenia
leukocytosis
leukemia

22
Q

leukopenia

A

abnormally low WBC count
happens when there is an inadequate number of WBCs

23
Q

leukocytosis

A

abnormally high WBC count
refers to some form of leukemia

24
Q

leukemia

A

extremely high WBC count

25
Q

leucopoiesis

A

formation of WBCs or leukocytes

26
Q

lymphocytes are produced in

A

lymphogenous tissues like spleen, thymus, tonsils, etc.

27
Q

pluripotential stem cells (hemocytoblasts), in the red bone marrow give rise to?

A

myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, and monoblasts

28
Q

what is only formed in the red bone marrow

A

granulocytes
monocytes

29
Q

what do myeloblasts form

A

promyelocytes

30
Q

the promyelocytes are stimulated by

A

colony stimulating factors (CSF)

31
Q

the promyelocytes stimulated by CSF forms ____ _____ which in turn forms _____ ____ ____

A

the promyelocytes stimulated by CSF forms neutrophils myeolocytes which in turn forms neutrophilic band cells

32
Q

interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulates to form _____ and then to ______

A

interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulates to form basophil myelocytes, and then to eosinophilic band cells

33
Q

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulates to form ____ and then to ____

A

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulates to form basophil myelocytes and then to basophilic band cells

34
Q

neutrophilic band cells, eosinophilic band cells, basophilic cells enter ____ to form _____, ____, _____

A

neutrophilic band cells, eosinophilic band cels, basophilic band cells enter blood stream to form neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil (granular leukocytes)

35
Q

colony stimulating factors are _______ growth factors

A

hematopoietic growth factors

36
Q

Colony stimulating factors are produced by

A

macrophages
stromal cells
endothelial cells
T lymphocytes

37
Q

Colony-stimulating factors regulate ____ population

A

WBC

38
Q

4 Colony-stimulating factors:

A

M-CSF
G-CSF
GM-CSF
Multi-CSF

39
Q

M-CSF stimulates

A

monocytes production

40
Q

G-CSF production

A

of granulocytes

41
Q

GM-CSF production of both

A

granulocytes and monocytes

42
Q

Multi-CSF production of

A

granulocytes
monocytes
RBCs
platelets

43
Q

in the thymus, lymphatic stem cells mature in to

A

T cells

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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