cardiovascular system-blood: hemopoisis Flashcards
hemopoisis:
productions of ALL blood cells
leukocytes is classified in 2 groups:
granulocytes
agranulotes
granulocytes are classified in to 3 groups
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
agranulocytes is classified in 2 groups
monocytes
lymphocytes
neutrophils
50-70% of circultaing WBC
multilobed nucleus (2-5 lobes)
first to arrive at the site of injury
phagocytic in function
phagocytosis
secrete lysozyme (destroy certain bacteria)
phagocytic in function
engulf the bacteria and other microscopic organisms and destroy them
phagocytosis
process of taking bacteria and destroying it
eosinophil
2-4% circulating WBCS
bilobed nucleus
deep red granules
opsonization: cannot engulf all pathogens, only pathogens coated in antibodies
sensitive to allergies: produce toxic compounds like nitric oxide and by exocytosis destroy large parasites like roundworms, etc.
found in sites of injury and release inflammation
destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine
basophil
less than 1% of circulating WBCS
“fetus” shaped nucleus
discharge the granules which contain histamine and heparin in the injury site:
histamine: dilates the blood vessels and increases inflammation
heparin: prevent blood clotting
role in both inflammatory response and allergic reactions
monocytes
2-8% circulating WBCS
large bean shaped nucleus
they enter peripheral tissues and become macrophages which are phagocytic
can break down antigens and present them to lymphocytes for recognition
associated with chronic infection
active monocytes release chemical, chemoattractants to attract and stimulate neutrophils, monocytes,and other phagocytic cells
they secrete substances to draw fibroblasts to produce scar tissue
lymphocytes
20-40% of circulating WBCS
a large round nucleus surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm
parts of the adaptive immune system
produced in red bone marrow but then migrate to lymphatic tissues and proliferate
found in blood and lymphatic organs like:
spleen, thymus lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues
3 types of lymphocytes
T-Cells
B Cells
Natural Killer Cells
T-Cells
for cell-mediated immunity
attack and destroy foreign cells and infected cells or control the activities of other lymohcytes
B Cells
responsible for humoral immunity by producing antibodies which are distributed by blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid to fight against antigens
the antibodies can destroy the antigens anywhere in the body while T cells have their effect only on target cells
activated B cells differentiate in to plasma cells which can synthesize and secrete antibodies
Natural Killer Cells
identify and destroy abnormal cells
what is important in preventing cancer
large granular lymphocytes
B Cells–>
activated by Helper T-Cells—> plasma cells–> antibodies
what are activated B cells
plasma cells that produce antibodies
what is humoral immunity
done B cells (antibody mediated immunity)
specific pathogens to destroy, not all pathogens
neutrophils and eosinophils are what? and what can they do
neutrophils and eosinophils are microphages
this means they can engulf and destroy pathogens
what are the WBC disorders
leukopenia
leukocytosis
leukemia
leukopenia
abnormally low WBC count
happens when there is an inadequate number of WBCs
leukocytosis
abnormally high WBC count
refers to some form of leukemia
leukemia
extremely high WBC count
leucopoiesis
formation of WBCs or leukocytes
lymphocytes are produced in
lymphogenous tissues like spleen, thymus, tonsils, etc.
pluripotential stem cells (hemocytoblasts), in the red bone marrow give rise to?
myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, and monoblasts
what is only formed in the red bone marrow
granulocytes
monocytes
what do myeloblasts form
promyelocytes
the promyelocytes are stimulated by
colony stimulating factors (CSF)
the promyelocytes stimulated by CSF forms ____ _____ which in turn forms _____ ____ ____
the promyelocytes stimulated by CSF forms neutrophils myeolocytes which in turn forms neutrophilic band cells
interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulates to form _____ and then to ______
interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulates to form basophil myelocytes, and then to eosinophilic band cells
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulates to form ____ and then to ____
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulates to form basophil myelocytes and then to basophilic band cells
neutrophilic band cells, eosinophilic band cells, basophilic cells enter ____ to form _____, ____, _____
neutrophilic band cells, eosinophilic band cels, basophilic band cells enter blood stream to form neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil (granular leukocytes)
colony stimulating factors are _______ growth factors
hematopoietic growth factors
Colony stimulating factors are produced by
macrophages
stromal cells
endothelial cells
T lymphocytes
Colony-stimulating factors regulate ____ population
WBC
4 Colony-stimulating factors:
M-CSF
G-CSF
GM-CSF
Multi-CSF
M-CSF stimulates
monocytes production
G-CSF production
of granulocytes
GM-CSF production of both
granulocytes and monocytes
Multi-CSF production of
granulocytes
monocytes
RBCs
platelets
in the thymus, lymphatic stem cells mature in to
T cells
