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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

A CLOSED system involving the heart and blood vessels which allow blood to circulate throughout the body

A

The Cardiovascular System

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transports Oxygen, nutrients, cell waste etc.
Main one is O2 transportation

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3
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the mediastinum

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4
Q

Organs that are anterior to the heart

A

Sternum and Ribs

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5
Q

Organs that are posterior to the heart

A

Esophagus

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6
Q

Organs that are located on the sides of the heart

A

Lungs

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7
Q

Organ/body cavity located directly beneath the heart

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

Organs that are superior to the heart

A

Central (larger) blood vessel and thymus gland

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9
Q

What is the name for the vessels located by the heart

A

Central Blood vessels. These are larger in size compared to the one throughout the body

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10
Q

The heart has a _________ shape

A

Triangle

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11
Q

The thickest part of the heart

A

Apex. Bottom left side of heart, mostly cardiac muscle

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12
Q

Where is the apex located?

A

The 5th intercostal space

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13
Q

What part of the heart do blood vessels enter and leave ?

A

The base of the heart

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14
Q

2/3 of the heart is on the ____ side and 1/3 is on the _____ side

A

LEFT;
RIGHT

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15
Q

Any word containing “viscera” can be associated with ______

A

Organs

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16
Q

Coverings of the heart/membrane surrounding heart for protection

A

Pericardium, has 2 layers

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17
Q

All organs in the body have at least one membrane surrounding it, which is the only organ that has more than 1?

A

The heart. It has the extra Fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

What is the first layer of the pericardium?

A

Serous Pericardium. Inner most membrane
-2 layers inside Serous Pericardium:

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19
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Serous Pericardium

A

-Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium
-Parietal Pericardium

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20
Q

Pericardial CAVITY is located :

A

In between Epicardium and Parietal Pericardium . It contains few drops of serous fluid for lubrication

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21
Q

Lubrication is needed in the pericardial cavity to reduce friction during heart beats
True or False?

A

True

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22
Q

Tightly attached membrane of the hearts inner layer

A

Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium

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23
Q

Outside layer of pericardium that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal Pericardium

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24
Q

Fibrous Pericardium is the outer most layer of the heart. Only organ with this extra layer. What is its function

A

Connects heart to surrounding organs to keeps heart in place to prevent over expansion after heart beat

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25
Epicardium is considered to be part of the coverings of the heart AND the walls of the heart True or False
True. Epicardium is the outer most layer of the heart walls
26
What are the three layers of the walls of the heart?
From outer to inner: Epicardium Myocardium- Mostly thick cardiac muscle Endocardium- Most prone to infection. Comes into direct contact with blood
27
How many chambers does the heart have?
4. 2 right and 2 left. Top chambers are atriums Bottom chambers are ventricles
28
The _____ side of the heart deals with blood that is said to be un-oxygenated
Right
29
The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out to the body. True or false?
True
30
Another name for receiving chambers
Atria
31
What are the discharging chambers?
The ventricles
32
Where is Central Venous Pressure measured from?
The right atrium. Should have ZERO pressure when relaxed
33
"Deoxygenated blood" still contains how much O2?
about 75%
34
Left ventricle is used to measure systolic BP True or False?
True. 120 mmHg is the normal. It has more pressure on the left side because the pressure is needed to pump blood throughout the body.
35
What is the heart septum
It divides the heart into left and right sides. Interatrial Septum is between atrias Interventricular septum is between ventricles
36
When blood goes to the body, it keeps _____% of O2 and gives only about ____% O2 to the body
75; 25
37
How many types of valves are there in the heart
2. The atrioventricular valves (AV valves) and the semi lunar valves
38
How many AV valves are there?
2. The left side is called the mitral valve or bicuspid valve. Located between LA and LV The right side is called the tricuspid valve located between the RA and RV
39
What is the function of an AV valve
To prevent back flow from ventricles back to atria. The goal is to have the atrium completely empty before it receives another delivery of blood.
40
What do AV's have that help close the valves? They are connected to the cusps and papillary muscles
Chordae Tendinae
41
What is the function of the semilunar valves and where are they located?
They are located between the ventricles and larger arteries. They stop the blood backflow into the ventricles from the arteries
42
What are the names of the two semilunar valves
Aortic Valve - located between LV and the aorta Pulmonary Valve- Located between the RV and the pulmonary trunk/artery
43
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
44
Heart pumps blood ->____-> Capillaries-> Veins--> Back to the heart
Arteries
45
Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart
Arteries
46
_______ take blood TO the heart
Veins
47
Microscopic blood vessels where exchange of gases occurs, located inside any tissue
Capillaries
48
What are the characteristics of the right side of the heart circulation
Contains deoxygenated blood (75%) Low pressure Blood will be sent to the lungs to receive O2 Blood from all over the body is sent to this side of the heart (SVC and IVC)
49
What are the characteristics of the left side of the hearts circulation
Oxygenated blood High pressure, 120 mmHg, needed to pump blood throughout the body Blood COMES from the lungs then delivered to the body Pulmonary veins bring O2 blood from lungs Aorta is on this side, largest and longest artery
50
Pulmonary circuit/circulation
Between the right side of the heart and lungs
51
Systemic Circuit/Circulation
left side of the heart and rest of the body
52
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood?
The Left Atrium
53
Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood?
The right atrium
54
Where does the right atrium receive blood through
The Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
55
How many pulmonary arteries are there?
2 , one for each lung
56
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4. 2 come from each lung and bring the oxygenated blood to the heart to then be pumped to the body
57
What are the components of the cardiac cycle?
The systole- contraction of the heart that pumps blood out and Diastole- relaxation, receives blood from veins, Takes longer/slower process
58
Atrial Systole happens at the same time as ventricular DIASTOLE. True or False?
True
59
Ventricular Systole occurs simultaneously as the Atrial SYSTOLE, True or False?
False. It Ventricular Systole happens as the Atrial Diastole occurs
60
Which valves open during atrial systole?
AV Valves open from the pressure of the blood being pumped in, semilunar remain closed
61
Which valves open during VENTRIAL SYSTOLE and atrial diastole
AV valves stay closed while the semilunar valves open during ventrial systole
62
What is the conductive pathway of the heart
Starts at SA Node (roof of RA) and can start a HB spontaneously---> AV Node (floor of RA)----> AV Bundle---> Pulkinje Fibers (wall of ventricles)
63
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood that leaves the left ventricle in 1 minute average is 5 liter per minute
64
Formula for cardio output
CO= SV x HR
65
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood that leaves the heart in 1 HEARTBEAT Expected 70 ml/HB
66
One heart beat creates how many sounds?
2 sounds S1: closure of the AV valves S2:Closure of semilunar valves
67
A noninvasive method of checking electric activity of the heart
EKG: Electrocardiogram
68
Depolarization means
Electrical activity that comes BEFORE contraction
69
An electrical activity that comes before relaxation
Repolarization
70
What are the 3 waves in an EKG
P wave- depolarization of atria (atria contracted) QRS wave- depolarization of ventricles (ventricles contracted) T wave- Repolarization of the ventricles (ventricles relaxed)
71
What is the "missed wave" of the EKG
The atrial relaxation wave

Anatomy 105 (13 decks)

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