Cells Flashcards
What are cells?
The structural unit of all living things
How many main regions does a cell have and what are they?
3 major regions.
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
What does the nucleus do? What vital item does it contain?
Control center of the cell
Contains genetic makeup (DNA)
What are the three regions of the nucleus?
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
What controls transportation of substances into/out of the cell?
Plasma Membrane
How many layers does the plasma membrane have?
Two. A bilateral phospholipid
What are the components of the plasma membrane?
Bilateral phospholipid,
Cholesterol (glue),
proteins (channels),
carbohydrates (sugar)
What is the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
Cytoplasm
What are the three major components of cytoplasm?
Cytosol
Inclusions
Organelles
What is the liquid/jelly part of the cytoplasm?
The cytosol
What is considered the cells “pantry”? And why is it called that
Inclusions. They store nutrients or cell products and they float in the cytosol
Known as the metabolic machinery of the cell that performs its functions. Many are membrane bound
Organelles
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria. Powerhouse because it is where ATP is produced
How many layers does a mitochondria have? What is inside the inner layer?
Two layers. Inner layer has folds called “crista” or Cristae for plural
What organelle is made up of protein and rRNA?
Ribosomes
Where are ribosomes made and programmed?
In the nucleolus
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Aka Energy
Where are ribosomes found?
On the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum , which make the ER appear “rough”
And also found free in the cytoplasm
What do ribosomes do?
They are the cells site for Protein Synthesis. (Production of protein)
Fluid Filled Tunnels that are continuous with the nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum. Smooth (SER) and Rough (RER)
Function of RER
Transportation of Chemicals (Proteins) WITHIN the cell
“Home Depot” of the cell, which provides materials to repair cell damage
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
What controls the transportation that goes in and out of the cell ?
Plasma Membrane
What is in charge of INTRACELLULAR transportation?
R.E.R
What is in charge of the EXTRACELLULAR transportation?
Golgi Aparatus
Flat Sacks located in between the ER and the membrane
Golgi Aparatus
Functions of Golgi
Quality Control
Packaging of protein (vesicles)
Transporting proteins OUT of the cell
Organelle that’s known as a membranous “bag” containing digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
What do Lysosomes do?
They destroy any invader with digestive enzymes. They also destroy unusable/worn out organelles
Apoptosis
Cell suicide
a Network of Protein structures that provide shape to the cell
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Rod shaped bodies , angled at 45 degrees, used in cell division
What do centrioles participate in?
Cell division
Spindle Fibers (Microtubules)
Created by centrioles and are used during cell division
What are the cell extensions that were covered?
Cillia
Flagella
Microvilli
Moves material across cell surface (short hairs)
Cillia
Long tail of cell that propels the cell. (Movement)
Flagella (multiple flagellum)
Tiny Fingerlike Extensions of the Plasma Membrane
Microvilli. They increase the surface area to also increase absorption
