Cardiovascular Physiology and Training

Question 1

Cardiac Output

Answer 1

amount of blood pumped by heart in liters per minute.

Question 2

Stroke Volume

Answer 2

Amount of blood pumped in one beat

Question 3

What are the main functions of the cardio system during exercise?

Answer 3

1. Deliver oxygen and nutrients to working muscles

2. Remove waste and metabolites

Question 4

Heart Rate

Answer 4

how fast the heart is pumping

Question 5

end- diastole volume

Answer 5

blood that can be pumped by the left ventricle at the end of the filling phase

Question 6

venous return

Answer 6

blood that returns to the heart

Question 7

frank-starling mechanism

Answer 7

the length that fibers of the heart are stretched in related to the amount of force they produce during contraction. RUBBER BAND- the further they’re stretched the harder they produce force.

Question 8

ejection fraction

Answer 8

the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is sent out from the heart

Question 9

maximal heart rate

Answer 9

the fastest your heart can beat.

220-age

Question 10

oxygen uptake

Answer 10

how much oxygen the body’s tissue use. AKA Vo2

1 met = 3.5

Question 11

maximal oxygen uptake

Answer 11

the most oxygen you can use at the cellular level.

VO2 Max

Question 12

Metabolic Equivalent (MET)

Answer 12

The amount of oxygen a body consumes at rest for the average person.
standardized unit of measurement, 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Question 13

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

Answer 13

the difference between the amount of oxygen arterial an venous blood

Question 14

systolic blood pressure

Answer 14

the amount of pressure exerted against arterial walls when blood is forcefully sent out. Contracting.

Question 15

systole

Answer 15

ventricular contraction. pumping blood from the ventricles into the arteries.

Question 16

Rate pressure product

Answer 16

heart rate X blood pressure = product

an estimate of the workload on the heart. heartrate x systolic blood pressure AKA double product

Question 17

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 17

the pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully sent out. filling.

Question 18

diastole

Answer 18

ventricular relaxation to allow heart to fill up with blood

Question 19

mean arterial pressure

Answer 19

the average amount of pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle.
((SYS-DIA)/3)+ DIA=MAP

Question 20

vasoconstriction

Answer 20

the constriction of blood vessels. increases blood pressure.

AKA vasodilation

Question 21

acute aerobic exercises __a_____ the amount of blood that flows through the rest of the body and ___b___ the amount of blood supplied to skeletal muscle

Answer 21

a. decreases

b. increases

Question 22

diffusion

Answer 22

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane. from high to low concentrations.

Question 23

oxygen is carried in the blood by what?

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

the body responds to the increased oxygen demands at higher altitudes by first increasing ___a___ at rest and during exercise and then by increasing ____b____ volume

Answer 24

a. breathing

b. tidal volume

Question 25

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Answer 25

cause stroke volume to increase by having a more forceful ventricular contraction and more emptying

Question 26

Cardio cycle

Answer 26

unoxygenated blood goes through inferior vena cava through tricuspid valve to the right atrium down to the right ventricle then through the pulmonary artery away from the heart to the pulomary veins into the lungs.

then back to the heart through left atrium down bicuspid valve to the left ventricle.

Question 27

SA Node

Answer 27

pacemaker of the heart

starts the heartbeat

Question 28

AV Node

Answer 28

communicated by sa node and communicates to av bundle

Question 29

purkinje fibers

Answer 29

spreads signal out across ventricles for a big forceful contraction

Question 30

cardiac output equation

Answer 30

cardiac output (q)= stroke volume X heart rate

Question 31

resting cardiac output in l/min

Answer 31

5 l/min

Question 32

aerobic training

Answer 32

• increases stroke volume
• which increases cardiac output
• which increases amount of blood pumped to muscles per minute

Question 33

heart rate reserve equation

Answer 33

max heart rate- resting heart rate

Question 34

karvonen method equation

Answer 34

resting hr + (training % X heart rate reserve)

Question 35

a-vo2 equation

Answer 35

arterial - venous oxygen supply

aka: how much oxygen the muscles use up

Question 36

how does aerobic training affect mitochindrial density?

Answer 36

increases density.
type 1 fiber hypertrophy but no net hypertrophy.
same size muscle, more dense mitochondria and increased amount

Question 37

how does resistance training affect mitochondrial density?

Answer 37

decreases

same amount of mitochondria. net hypertrophy.

Question 38

what does not adapt to aerobic training?

Answer 38

• respiratory capacity
• muscle hypertrophy
• max heart rate

Question 39

the right ventricle pumps into the _____

Answer 39

lungs

Question 40

the left ventricle pumps into the ______

Answer 40

Rest of body

Question 41

the arterial system carries blood _______ the heart

Answer 41

away

Question 42

the venous system carries blood ______ the heart

Answer 42

toward

Question 43

what facilitates carbon dioxide removal?

Answer 43

red blood cells

Question 44

what serves as an acid base buffer and transports oxygen in the blood?

Answer 44

hemoglobin