age and sex related differences

Question 1

how much earlier do girls enter puberty compared to boys?

Answer 1

2 years

Question 2

age of maximum rate of growth

Answer 2

peak height velocity

girls: 12 years old
boys: 14 years old

increased risk to injury

Question 3

at birth ____% of body weight is muscle mass

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

at adulthood, about ____% of body weight is muscle mass

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

preadolescent children tend to increase strength by approx. ____-_____% with structured training

Answer 5

30-40%

Question 6

muscle mass growth typically peaks about _____ year after peak height velocity

Answer 6

1 year

Question 7

is 1rm testing safe for children?

Answer 7

as long as they are warmed up and had load progression.

Question 8

is there a difference between boys and girls before puberty?

Answer 8

no difference in height, weight, body size, and strength

Question 9

is strength relative to cross sectional area the same for men and woman?

Answer 9

yes, men and women have similar fiber type distributions. men tend to have bigger muscles and express higher power (absolute and relative to body weight)

Question 10

absolute strength: women tend to have ___ strength of men

Answer 10

2/3rds

Question 11

relative to body weight:

lower body vs upper body

Answer 11

females and males similar lower body strength

males have stronger upper bodies

Question 12

resistance training is based on _____ and not on sex

Answer 12

sport

Question 13

who is more likely to sustain an acl tear?

Answer 13

women- 6x more likely

Question 14

what contributes to the female athlete triad?

Answer 14

1. energy availability
2. menstrual function
3. bone mineral density

Question 15

weightlifiting performance typically decreases ____-___% per year after age 30

Answer 15

1-1.5% per year

endurance usually peaks in 30’s

Question 16

what is the standard deviation for osteopenia?

Answer 16

-1 to -2.5 standard deviations below the mean bone mass density

Question 17

what is sarcopenia?

Answer 17

loss of muscle mass

Question 18

older adults rely heavily on ________ to stabilize joints due to decreased ________

Answer 18

1. co-contraction

2. decreased dynamic balance

Question 19

whats required to prevent falls?

Answer 19

resistance training and balance training

Question 20

how much recovery should older adults have between sessions?

Answer 20

48-72 hours

Question 21

what should older adults start at?

Answer 21

1 set of 8-12 reps at 40-50% 1rm

Question 22

what should older adults do for power?

Answer 22

1-3 sets of 40-60% of 1rm, 6-10 reps at high velocity