Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

A group of diseases of the heart that effect the mechanical or electrical function of the heart making it harder for it to pump blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of cardiomyopathy?

A
  • restrictive
  • arrhythmogenic
  • dilated
  • hypertrophic
  • unclassified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  • a stiff heart with a lack of compliance (diastolic dysfunction) which can appear grossly normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  • idiopathic
  • amyloidosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • oesinophilic endocarditis
  • fibrosis following radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

signs and symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

the same as constrictive pericarditis

Signs

  • right heart failure
  • soft apex beat
  • S3
  • diastolic pericardial knock
  • ascites
  • oedema
  • splenomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to tell the difference between restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis?

A

-MRI/CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treatment for restrictive myopathy?

A

-treat the underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people?

A

-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of myopathy that causes apple green bifringence in polarised light?

A

-restrictive cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the change in histology for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

-the myofibres become disorganised and swirly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • autosomal dominant gene

- most commonly affecting tropomyosin/beta myosin/ alpha myosin/ myosin binding protein C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • sudden death
  • chest pain
  • syncope
  • dysponoea
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • palpitations
  • angina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

investigations for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • echo

- ECG (LVH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what would be seen on an echo of someone with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

- small LV cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

SYMPTOMS

  • BB
  • CCB (verapamil)

ARRHYTHMIAS
-amiodarone

anticoagulation and ICD pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

-muscle in the heart become flabby and dilated, causing systolic dysfunction

17
Q

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • 50% of time genetic (autosomal dominant gene)
  • toxins
  • alcohol
  • chemotherapy
  • cardiac infection
  • pregnancy
  • autoimmune
18
Q

symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • HF
  • shortness of breath
  • fatigue
  • low ejection fraction
  • arrhythmias
  • sudden death
19
Q

investigations of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • CXR (cardiomegaly and pulmonary oedema)
  • echo (increased size of ventricles)
  • ECG (tachycardia)
20
Q

complications of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

-HF

21
Q

management of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • diuretics
  • BB
  • ACEI
  • anticoagulation
  • ICD pacemaker
  • LVADs
  • transplantation
22
Q

what is arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

A

-rarest subtype if cardiomyopathy causing RV almost entirely replaced by fat

23
Q

cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

A

-autosomal dominant condition

24
Q

presentation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

A
  • funny turns
  • syncope
  • arrhythmia
  • sudden death
25
Q

complications of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

A

-HF

26
Q

management of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

A
  • BB for asymptomatic arrhythmias
  • amiodarone for symptomatic arrhythmias
  • ICD for life threatening arrhythmias