Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What is cardiomyopathy?
A group of diseases of the heart that effect the mechanical or electrical function of the heart making it harder for it to pump blood
What are the different types of cardiomyopathy?
- restrictive
- arrhythmogenic
- dilated
- hypertrophic
- unclassified
what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- a stiff heart with a lack of compliance (diastolic dysfunction) which can appear grossly normal
cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- idiopathic
- amyloidosis
- sarcoidosis
- oesinophilic endocarditis
- fibrosis following radiation
signs and symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
the same as constrictive pericarditis
Signs
- right heart failure
- soft apex beat
- S3
- diastolic pericardial knock
- ascites
- oedema
- splenomegaly
how to tell the difference between restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis?
-MRI/CT
treatment for restrictive myopathy?
-treat the underlying cause
what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people?
-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
what type of myopathy that causes apple green bifringence in polarised light?
-restrictive cardiomyopathy
what is the change in histology for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
-the myofibres become disorganised and swirly
cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- autosomal dominant gene
- most commonly affecting tropomyosin/beta myosin/ alpha myosin/ myosin binding protein C
symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- sudden death
- chest pain
- syncope
- dysponoea
- cardiac arrhythmias
- palpitations
- angina
investigations for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- echo
- ECG (LVH)
what would be seen on an echo of someone with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- asymmetrical septal hypertrophy
- small LV cavity
management for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
SYMPTOMS
- BB
- CCB (verapamil)
ARRHYTHMIAS
-amiodarone
anticoagulation and ICD pacemaker