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PASS SOUTH CLUES > Cardiology Pharm (Antihypertensive Agents) > Flashcards

Cardiology Pharm (Antihypertensive Agents) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Antihypertensive Agents? (4)

A

Diuretics: see Renal Pharm
RAA system: ACE inhibitors; ARB (Ang II receptor blockers
Sympathoplegics
Vasodilators

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2
Q

What are the RAA system effectors? (2)

A

ACE inhibitors

Losartan

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3
Q

What are the ACE inhibitors? (3)

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Fosinopril

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of Action ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibits the conversion of Ang I to Ang II -> decreases Ang II and prevents vasoconstriction from Ang II

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5
Q

What are the indications for ACE inhibitors? (4)

A

Hypertension
CHF
post MI
vasodilator

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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? (4)

A

Hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema,

Contraindicated in Pregnancy (fetal Renal malformations)

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of Action Losartan?

A

ARB (Ang II receptor blockers) => prevents vasoconstriction from Ang II

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8
Q

What are the indications for Losartan?

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Losartan? (2)

A

Fetal renal toxicity

Hyperkalemia

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10
Q

What are the Sympathoplegics? (13)

A 
Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol,
Timolol, Carvedilol
Prazosin
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Hexamethonium
Reserpine
Guanethidine
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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Esmolol, Propranolol,
Timolol, Carvedilol?

A

B1-Blocker: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Esmolol
B1 and B2 Blocker: Propranolol,
Timolol
Alpha and B-Blocker: Carvedilol

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12
Q

What are the indications for B-Blockers? (4)

A

Hypertension
Angina
MI
Antiarrhythmic

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13
Q

What are the adverse effects of B-Blockers? (7)

A 
Impotence
Asthma
Bradycardia
Av block
Heart failure
Sedation
Sleep alterations
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Prazosin? (2)

A

aplha 1-Blocker -> vasodilation -> decreases TPR

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15
Q

What are the indications for Prazosin? (2)

A

Pheochromocytoma

Hypertension

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Prazosin?

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clonidine?

A

alpha 2 agonist => decreases peripheral resistance

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18
Q

What are the indications for Clonidine? (4)

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Cocaine
Heroin withdrawal

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Clonidine? (3)

A

Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Rebound hypertension after abrupt withdrawal

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Methyldopa?

A

alpha agonist => decreases peripheral resistance

21
Q

What are the indications for Methyldopa?

A

Hypertension

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of Methyldopa? (2)

A

Sedation and Hemolytic Anemia

(+) Coombs Test

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hexamethonium?

A

Nicotinic ganglionic blocker

24
Q

What are the indications for Hexamethonium?

A

Hypertensive Emergency

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of Hexamethonium? (4)

A

Severe orthostatic hypotension
Blurred vision
Constipation
Sexual dysfunction

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Reserpine?

A

Prevents the storage of monoamines in synaptic vesicle

27
Q

What are the indications for Reserpine?

A

Hypertension

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of Reserpine?

A

Mental depression

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Guanethidine?

A

Interferes with norepinephrine release

30
Q

What are the indications for Guanethidine?

A

Severe hypertension

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of Guanethidine?

A

Contraindicated in patients taking TCA’s

32
Q

What are the Vasodilators? (6)

A 
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Nitroprusside
Diazoxide
33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydralazine?

A

increases cGMP -> smooth muscle relaxation -> vasodilates arterioles -> afterload reduction

34
Q

What are the indications for Hydralazine? (3)

A

Severe hypertension
CHF
1st line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Hydralazine? (4)

A

Compensatory tachycardia
Fluid retention
Lupus like syndrome
Contraindicated in angina/CAD because of compensatory tachycardia

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Minoxidil?

A

K+ channel opener -> hyperpolarizes and relaxes smooth muscle

37
Q

What are the indications for Minoxidil?

A

Severe hypertension

38
Q

What are the adverse effects of Minoxidil? (2)

A

Hypertrichosis

Pericardial effusion

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Nifedipine, Verapamil?

A

Ca+ channel antagonists

40
Q

What are the indications for Nifedipine, Verapamil? (5)

A 
Hypertension
Angina
Arrythmia (not Nifedipine)
Prinzmetal Angina
Raynaud's
41
Q

What are the adverse effects of Nifedipine, Verapamil? (4)

A

Flushing
Dizziness
Cardiac depression
Peripheral edema

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Nitroprusside?

A

Direct release of NO -> increases cGMP -> vasodilator

43
Q

What are the indications for Nitroprusside? (3)

A

Hypertensive emergency
CHF
Angina

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of Nitroprusside? (3)

A

Cyanide toxicity
Hypotension
Short acting

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Diazoxide?

A

K+ channel opener -> hyperpolarizes and relaxes smooth muscle

46
Q

What are the indications for Diazoxide?

A

Hypertension

47
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diazoxide? (2)

A

Hypoglycemia (reduces insulin release)

Hypotension

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