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ALS/Paramedic Course > Cardiology Meds > Flashcards

Cardiology Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

___ decreases HR by suppressing SA node & AV node activity

A

Adenosine

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2
Q

Indications for adenosine

A

Narrow complex, unifocal tachycardias (SVT/PSVT/PAT)

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3
Q

Adenosine dosage

A

6 mg, if no change after 1-2 minutes follow with 12 mg

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4
Q

___ slows HR by altering impulses through conduction pathways; indicated in VT/VF/A fib/A flutter

A

Amiodarone

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5
Q

Pulseless VT/VF dose for Amiodarone

A

300 mg IV push, if no change after 3-5 minutes repeat at 150 mg IV

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6
Q

Amiodarone dose for VT w/ pulse

A

150 mg infused over 10 minutes, may repeat once

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7
Q

Indicated in symptomatic bradycardias

A

Atropine sulfate

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8
Q

Atropine dosage for symptomatic bradycardia

A

1 mg IV, repeat after 3-5 minutes if no response; max dose 3 mg

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9
Q

Atropine works by ___

A

inhibiting vagus nerve stimulation to Increase SA node automaticity

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10
Q

Atropine is contraindicated in ___

A

Pregnancy, 2nd & 3rd degree AV blocks

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11
Q

___ is indicated in PTs with narrow complex tachycardias with rapid ventricular response

A

Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapimil)

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12
Q

Mechanism of action for diltiazem (calcium channel blockers)

A

Decreasing HR by slowing conduction through the AV node & lengthening refractory periods

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13
Q

Dosage for diltiazem

A

Initial dose: 0.25 mg/kg IV over 2 minutes;
repeat after 15 minutes at 0.35 mg/kg IV over 2 minutes

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14
Q

Adenosine is contraindicated in PTs with:

A

Unpaced 2nd & 3rd degree blocks, Afib, a flutter, WPW syndrome

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15
Q

___ increases rate and force of cardiac contractions to increase coronary & cerebral blood flow

A

Epinephrine

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16
Q

___ works by DECREASING automaticity to help decrease ventricular dysrhythmias

A

Lidocaine

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17
Q

If Amiodarone is unavailable, Lidocaine is an alternative treatment for ___

A

PVCs, VT, pulseless VT, or VF

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18
Q

Lidocaine dose for cardiac arrest

A

1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO
Repeat at 5-10 minute intervals @ 0.5-0.75 mg/kg

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19
Q

Max total dose for lidocaine in cardiac arrest

A

3.0 mg/kg

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20
Q

Lidocaine infusion rate for ROSC

A

1-4 mg/min

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21
Q

Cardiac Indication for magnesium sulfate

A

Cardiac arrest attributed to torsades de pointes or hypomagnesemia; torsades de pointes with a pulse

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22
Q

Cardiac arrest dose for magnesium sulfate

A

1-2 grams diluted in 10cc saline, given over 5-20 minutes IV/IO

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23
Q

___ is used to suppress ventricular or atrial ectopy in order to control a variety or dysrhythmias (SVT or wide complex tachycardia)

A

Procainamide

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24
Q

Procainamide is a ___ channel blocker

A

Sodium

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25
Q

Dosage for Procainamide

A

20 mg/min IV

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26
Q

Situations that would necessitate ceasing Procainamide therapy

A

Dysrhythmia is suppressed
PT becomes hypotensive
QRS widens by 50% or more
Max dose of 17 mg/kg is reached

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27
Q

Procainamide may cause ___ if administered too quickly

A

Hypotension

28
Q

Brand name for clopidogrel

A

Plavix

29
Q

___ reduces the need for oxygen in the myocardium

A

Morphine sulfate

30
Q

Narcotic analgesic that provides relief for severe chest pain

A

Morphine

31
Q

Morphine dose for MI chest pain/STEMI

A

2-4 mg slow IV
Repeat every 5-15 minute @ 2-8 mg slow IV as needed

32
Q

Morphine dose for non ST elevation ACS chest pain

A

1-5 mg slow IV, ONLY IF NITRATES DO NOT RELIEVE SYMPTOMS, OR IF SYMPTOMS RETURN

33
Q

Narcotic analgesic used to reduce the need for oxygen in the myocardium

A

Morphine

34
Q

STEMI dose for morphine sulfate

A

2-4 mg slow IV
May be repeated every 5-15 minutes as needed @ 2-8 mg

35
Q

Morphine dose for non-ST elevation ACS

A

1-5 mg slow IV only if nitrates do not relieve ACS symptoms, or if symptoms return

36
Q

___ increases myocardial contractility (cardiac med)

A

Calcium chloride & dopamine

37
Q

Calcium chloride should not be given through the same line as ___

A

Sodium bicarbonate

38
Q

Drug of choice for hypotension w/ S&S of shock and symptomatic bradycardia

A

Dopamine

39
Q

Dopamine works to increase CO by:

A

improving myocardial contractility

40
Q

Dopamine works to increase BP by:

A

Constricting peripheral arteries & veins

41
Q

___ relaxes smooth muscle and raises glucose levels

A

Glucagon

42
Q

Indications for glucagon

A

beta blocker or Calcium channel blocker overdose; hypoglycemia

43
Q

Drug of choice for acute & severe non-hypovolemic hypotension

A

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

44
Q

Norepinephrine dosage

A

0.1-0.5 mcg/kg/min IV infusion

45
Q

Norepinephrine mechanism of action

A

Constricts blood vessels to raise BP, HR, and rate/force of cardiac contractions

46
Q

Reduces acidosis

A

Sodium bicarbonate

47
Q

Used to counteract hyperkalemia & acidosis in cardiac arrest

A

Sodium bicarbonate

48
Q

Dosage for sodium bicarbonate

A

1 mE/kg, preceded and followed by 20cc NS flush

49
Q

Class 1 antiarrhythmics work in the ___

A

Ventricles

50
Q

Class 1 antiarrhythmics work by blocking ___ channels

A

Sodium

51
Q

Clas 2 antiarrhythmics act on ___ to slow HR and decrease contractility

A

Beta-1 receptors

52
Q

Class 3 antiarrhythmics work mainly by blocking ___ responsible for phase 3 repolarization

A

Potassium

53
Q

Procainamide, quinidine, and lidocaine are all examples of class __ antiarrhythmics

A

1

54
Q

Metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, are all examples of class ____ antiarrhythmics

A

2

55
Q

Closing calcium channels during depolarization is how class 4 antiarrhythmics cause ___ and ___

A

Slowed conduction & decreased automaticity

56
Q

___ is indicated in acute SVT

A

Adenosine

57
Q

___ plays an important role in transport of sodium, potassium, and calcium across cell membranes

A

Magnesium

58
Q

Magnesium is the antiarrhythmic of choice for ___

A

Torsades de pointes

59
Q

Unstable SVT/VT with Narrow complexes would indicate administration of ___

A

Adenosine

60
Q

Treatments indicated in stable, WIDE complex, monomorphic SVT/VT

A

IV access, EKG, adenosine 6 mg; consider antiarrhythmics (lidocaine, Amiodarone, Sotalol

61
Q

Stable, NARROW complex SVT/VT would indicate what treatment(s)?

A

IV, EKG, vagal maneuvers

62
Q

Inferior infarctions (ST changes in leads II, III, & aVF) are caused by occlusion of the ___

A

RCA

63
Q

Lateral infarctions (ST changes in lead I, aVL, v5 &v6) indicates infarction caused by occlusion of the ___

A

Circumflex artery

64
Q

Septal or anterior infarction (ST changes in lead I and v1-v4) is caused by occlusion of the ___

A

LAD

65
Q

If Amiodarone is unavailable, administer:

A

Lidocaine

66
Q

Lidocaine dose for cardiac arrest:

A

Initial dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg
Repeat doses: 0.5-0.75 mg/kg

ALS/Paramedic Course (10 decks)

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