Airway Management Flashcards
Physical act of air moving into & out of the lungs
Ventilation
Process of loading O2 onto hemoglobin
Oxygenation
Exchange of oxygen & CO2 in the alveoli & tissues
Respiration
Gas exchange at the cellular level
Internal respiration
Respiration is dependent on:
Adequate oxygenation
Brain damage is irreversible after _ _ _ minutes without adequate oxygenation
10
Clinical state characterized by increased RR and work of breathing
Respiratory distress
Normal resting minute ventilation volume of an average person
6 L/min
Resting alveolar minute volume is approximately:
4 L/min
Pulmonary artery blood flow is approximately:
5 L/min
Average v/q ratio is:
4:5 L/min, or 0.8 L/min
When ventilation is compromised but perfusion continues unhindered, the result is:
V/q mismatch
Most Common airway obstruction in an unresponsive patient:
The tongue
Purposefully shallow breathing to alleviate pain from a chest or thorax injury
Respiratory splinting
Hypoventilation is typically directly linked to
PaCO2 levels in the blood
_ __ occurs when Carbon dioxide elimination exceeds carbon dioxide production
Hyperventilation
Buildup of Carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypercapnia
Condition caused by blood bypassing the alveoli and returning to the left side of the heart unoxygenated
Intrapulmonary shunting
Pulmonary edema is related to __
Left sided heart failure
Peripheral edema is a result of __
Right sided heart failure
Positive pressure ventilation increases ___
Afterload
The resistance against which the ventricle must contract
Afterload
Increased afterload causes decreased ___
Cardiac output
The volume of blood that returns to the heart
Preload
The greater the pressure used to ventilate a patient, the greater the decrease in ___
Preload
Anything that inhibits respiratory function can lead to ___
Acid retention & acidosis
Low levels of oxygen in arterial blood
Hypoxemia
Oxygen deficiency at the cellular level
Hypoxia
Clinical finding in which SBP drops 10 mmHg during inhalation
Pulsus paradoxus
Irregular rate, rhythm, and depth of breathing resulting from increased ICP
Ataxic respirations
Softer, muffled breath sounds
Vesicular
Low-pitched, continuous breath sounds that indicate mucus or fluid in airways
Rhonchi
Loud high-pitched breath sounds upon inspiration
Stridor
A capnograph with a prolonged alveolar plateau is indicative of:
Bradypnea
A capnograph with a short alveolar plateau is typically a result of Li
Hyperventilation
Point on a capnograph that best reflects alveolar Carbon dioxide levels
Point d. Alveolar plateau
An up-sloping, “shark fin” capnograph is characteristic of:
Bronchospasm/ prolonged expiratoryphase
An inspiration downstroke that fails to reach 0 and increases gradually, indicates:
Rebreathing/ air trapping
When suctioning, Suction should be applied while:
Extracting the catheter
Correct suction catheter size is measured from:
Corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw
Correct NPA size is determined by measuring from:
Tip of the nostril to the earlobe or angle of the jaw
Inability to speak due to air way obstruction
Aphonia
Entry of food or fluids into the air way
Aspiration
The most effective means of dislodging a mild airway obstruction
Coughing
Ability of alveoli to expand during ventilation
Compliance
Positive pressure ventilation impairs venous return, namely by:
Decreasing preload
Alveolar collapse
Atelectasis
The desired effect of CPAP
Improved pulmonary compliance and ease of spontaneous ventilation
CPAP pressure is measured in:
CmH2O
Generally accepted therapeutic pressure range forCPAP
5-10 cmH2O
To ascertain propor NG tube insertion depth, measure from:
Nose to ear to xyphoid process
