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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Left Sided Heart Failure S/S

A

Fluid in Lungs(rhales) difficulty breathing/hypoxia, fatigue during exertion, productive cough (pink frothy sputum possibly) , paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea (diff breathing while lying down), V/S may or may not see hypotension, Hypertension,
LSHF Blood flow b4 left side of heart will begin to back up systemically.

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2
Q

Right Sided Heart Failure S/S

A

*LOW BP *, CLEAR LS is RSHF only,in preload-blood flow back up systemically b4 right side, JVD, pedal edema, *LOW BP * Enlargement of organs-spleenomegaly,hepatomegaly blood is backing up into these organs. weight gain, ascites, fluid retention

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3
Q

LSHF+ RSHF=

A

CHF-is combination of both S/S

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4
Q

LSHF duration…

A

doesn’t stay LSHF for long after awhile it progresses to to Right side and becomes CHF

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5
Q

Acute Pulmonary Edema

A

is acute LSHF

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6
Q

LSHF TX

A

perfusing-CPAP & Nitro

Non perfusing- CPAP & Dope

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7
Q

RSHF TX

A

No NITRO, fluids(because of decreased pre-load) ) 02

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8
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

is failure of the right side of heart brought on by long term pulmonary hypertension. Caused by COPD, chronic lung blood clots, cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

Cardiac Output

A

stroke volume X 1 minute (BPM) amount of blood circulated through the body in 1 minute-5-5.5 LPM

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10
Q

Stoke Volume

A

amount of blood pushed out of Left Ventricle in one beat-one stroke

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11
Q

Ejection Fraction & the EF test

A

100ml in a chamber(any) ejects 75ml ejection fraction is 75 is measured for determining CHF

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12
Q

Automaticity…

A

heart works automatically through electro conductivity

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13
Q

Starlings Law

A

the more something is able to contract the more forceful the contraction (stretching a rubber band more makes it fly further)

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14
Q

J-Wave aka…

A

Osbourne wave-hypothermia (google it now)

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15
Q

Pathological Q wave

A

previous Mi previous heart damage (google it now)

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16
Q

Delta Wave EKG

A

WPK-Wolf Parkinson White-QRS does not go straight up- has a steep slope on the way up the R wave (google it now)

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17
Q

Elevated/Peaked T-Wave & TX

A

Hyperkalemia-too much potassium.TX Calcium Chloride-500mg-1g IV/IO over 5-10 minutes (PRN every 10 min) Peds-20mg/KG(.2ml/kg) slow IVP

18
Q

T-wave

A

represents re-polarization of the ventricles

19
Q

Cardiac Tamponade defin & S/S

A

Protective sac of the heart (pericardium) if fluid builds up pessure chokes the heart while trying to beat. Becks Triad is

  1. hypotension
  2. JVD
  3. muffled heart sounds.
20
Q

Cardiac Tamponade caused by

A

Pericarditis-inflammation of the pericardium and trauma

21
Q

Cardiac Tamponade TX

A

Peracardialcentisis- put a needle in the heart and drain the sac DEFINITIVE TX-out of our scope of practice

22
Q

Pericarditis EKG

A

ST elevation in every lead-don’t treat as an MI

23
Q

Chest Pain MI #1 Sign

A

1 CRUSHING/PRESSURE

24
Q

Most common cause of PVC

A

Palpitation

25
Q

Occasional PVC TX

26
Q

More than 6 PVC minute TEST ?

A

02 NRB amiodarone (300/150 max) or Lidocaine 1-1.5 mg/kg 3mg/kg max for test best answer is lido or amio

27
Q

Electro vs Drug Therapy which & when

A

Altered or poor signs of perfusion(low BP, CPD, shocky) straight to Synchronized cardioversion

28
Q

Synchronized Cardioversion which Rhythms and when

A

is at the top of R-Wave for Perfusing SVT, V-TACH, Uncontrolled A-Fib that are altered or poor signs of perfusion

29
Q

Procainamide & Dose

A

only 1 indication-pulsating V-TACHprovided that they have good signs and symptoms
Adult 100mg IV/IO over 5 minutes
Peds 15mg/kg IV/IO over 30-60 min
17mg/kg max

30
Q

Procainamide Reasons to STOP

A
  1. Reached Max Dose of 17mg/kg
  2. Hypotensive b/c of drug then go to sync cardio 3. Rhythm converts-it worked
  3. QRS widens by 50% print if widens STOP- we want QRS to NARROW
31
Q

Verapamil is a ? Used for? & Dose

A

Calcium Channel blocker-uncontrolled A-Fib & A-Flutter 2.5-5 mg IV/IO second dose 5-10mg in 10 min max 30mg

32
Q

Verapamil Absolute Contraindication

A

HYPOTENSION below 90mmHg systolic

33
Q

Heart Sounds

A

S1- Closure of AV valves Tricuspid & Mitral
S2-Closure of Aortic & Pulmonary valves
S3-Cadence of Kentucky means CHF
S4-Cadence of Tennessee,increased atrial contraction
S3&4 +PAC’s

34
Q

Normal to Hear which heart sounds

35
Q

P-Wave is..

A

depolarization of Atrium

36
Q

QRS is…

A

depolarization of Ventricles

37
Q

T-Wave is…

A

re-polarization of everything

38
Q

Refractory Period

A

heart is most succeptible to depolarization during refractory period

39
Q

1 Big Red Box…2 big red box…3 big red box…

A

300-150-75-37.5

40
Q

Small Box =Big BOx?

A

small box=.04sec, 5 small boxes=1 large box=.2 seconds 30 large boxes=6 second strip

41
Q

You can get the rate on a 6 second strip by

A

Counting the complexes and multiplying by 10

Medic NREG (19 decks)

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