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zzzPHARMACOLOGY > Cardio Pharma > Flashcards

Cardio Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

formula for BP

A

CO x TPR

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2
Q

anti-htn drug class that decrease CO (the rest of the classes decrease TPR)

A

diuretics and beta blockers

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3
Q

which anti HTN drug class can decrease BOTH cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

A

diuretics

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4
Q

the only beta blocker that has a vasodilating property

A

carvedilol

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5
Q

True or false… methyldopa blocks peripheral sympathetic nerve endings

A

False. it blocks central sympathetic nerve endings

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6
Q

true or false… Valsartan blocks the AT2 receptors

A

false…it blocks AT1 receptors

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7
Q

anti-htn drugs that act on vasomotor center in the brain

A

methyldopa, clonidine

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8
Q

anti-a drugs that act on AT1 receptors

A

ARBs

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9
Q

anti-htn drugs that act on vascular smooth muscle

A

hydralazine, CCBs, nitroprusside

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10
Q

anti-htn drugs that act kidney tubules

A

thiazides

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11
Q

anti-htn drugs that is a renin inhibitor

A

aliskerin

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12
Q

central acting adrenergic blockers on what receptor

A

alpha 2

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13
Q

difference of methlydopa and clonidine in terms of specific site of action as alpha 2 agonists

A

methlydopa : CNS

clonidine: brainstem

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14
Q

anti-htn drug that blocks alpha 1

A

prazosin

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15
Q

which has more cardiac effect than vasodilating effect: dihydrophyrine or non dihydropyridine CCBs

A

non-dihydrophyrine has more cardiac effect (verapamil and diltiazem)

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16
Q

why is Verapamil better than Diltiazem in treating SVTs

A

because verapamil has greater action on the AV node. Dilitazem, on the other hand, has greater action on the SA node

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17
Q

which among verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine has the greatest vasodilating ability

A

amlodipine

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18
Q

which among verapamil, diltiazem, and amlodipine can cause more headache

A

amlodipine (bc it is a DHP CCB so it has vasodilating effect on blood vessels in the brain)

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19
Q

what anti-hypertensive drug class is contraindicated in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACEI/ARBS

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20
Q

true or false. ACEi/ARBS can cause hyperkalemia

A

True. by decreasing potassium excretion

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21
Q

which is better in patients with heart failure: ACEI or ARBS

A

ACEi because of added benefit of increasing bradykinin resulting to vasodilation resulting to decreased total peripheral resistance

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22
Q

anti-htn drug for patients with HPN and BPH

A

alpha 1 blockers (tamsulosins, prazosan)

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23
Q

which anti-htn drug classes can prevent ventricular remodelling

A

ACEi/ARBS and beta blockers, andspironolactone

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24
Q

beta blockers can be used for HF px class I- IV. True or false

A

False. can only be used in class I and II

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25
Q

examples of non cardio selective beta blockers

A

NSTP except nebivolol.. included are: nadolol, sotalol, timolol, propanolol

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26
Q

examples of cardio selective beta blockers

A

BEAM: bisoprolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol

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27
Q

example of non selective beta blocker

A

carvedilol.. kaya meron siyang vasodilatory mechanism also

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28
Q

example of selective beta blocker

A

nebivolol

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29
Q

what anti hypertensive drug causes gynecomastis

A

spironolactone

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30
Q

anti htn drugs safe in pregnancy

A

“Hy Lab Me Ni” hydralazine, labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine

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31
Q

anti htn drug that is also good for patients with metabolic syndrome because decreases insulin resistance

A

clonidine

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32
Q

Under what class of diuretic is acetazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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33
Q

mannitol and glycerin are under what class of diuretic

A

osmotic diuretic

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34
Q

furosemide and bumetanide are under what class of diuretic

A

loop diuretic

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35
Q

hydrochlorothiazide is under what class of diuretic

A

thiazide

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36
Q

amiloride and triamterene are under what class of diuretic

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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37
Q

spironolactone and eplerenone are under what class of diuretic

A

aldosterone antagonists

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38
Q

class of anti diuretic that can be given in patients with acute mountain sickness

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors… kasi carbonic drinks.. mga ZOLA like azetazolamide… mga cola.. parang mountain dew… so acute mountain sickness

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39
Q

class of anti diuretic indicated for intracranial hypetension and intraocular glaucoma

A

osmotic diuretics

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40
Q

class of anti diuretic indicated for pulmonary edema

A

loop diuretics

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41
Q

class of anti diuretic indicated for congestive heart failure

A

thiazides

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42
Q

which class of anti diuretic causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and aldosterone antagonists

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43
Q

which class of anti diuretic causes hypokalemic meabolic alkalosis

A

loop diuretics

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44
Q

which class of anti diuretic can cause hyperuricemia and thus gout

A

thiazides

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45
Q

which class of anti diuretic causes renal stones from hyperphosphaturia and hypercalciuria

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

46
Q

in patients with prinzmetal angina, chest pain relief may be obtained with the ff except: nitroglycerine, verapamil, or diltiazem?

A

lahat pwedeng ibigay!!!!

47
Q

IV nitrogylcerine can be given in patients with acute MI to decrease myocardial oxygen demand… except for what specific kind of MI

A

inferior wall with RV infarct… because RV is dependent on blood volume (Frank starling…) because IV nitroglycerine kasi decreases preload so pag decrease ang preload, konti lang blood pumapasok sa right ventricle… decreased strethc due to frank starling mechanism so decreased cardiac output… Eh nag infarct na nga dun so given na konti na ang contractility nun… so kaya contraindicated

48
Q

which between ISMN and ISDN can be given for chronic vs acute angina?

A

ISDN provides acute anginal relief. ISMN is for chronic stable angina

49
Q

example of non clot specific fibrinolytics

A

streptokinase, urokinase

50
Q

example of clot specific fibrinolytics

A

t-PA, alteplase, reteplase

51
Q

what anti htn drugs should not be given if patient is taking sildenafil

52
Q

antiplatelet with MOA of inhibition of thromboxane synthesis

53
Q

antiplatelet with MOA of inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation

A

ADP.. so diphosphate.. di… dalawa… so i-tiklop para maging buo… ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor

54
Q

which among the following causes reversible inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation (the rest kasi are irreversible)… ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor

A

ticagrelor

55
Q

antiplatelet with MOA of blockade of GP IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets

A

mga nasa FIBA may ABS… tiroFIBAn, eptiFIBAtide, and ABCiximab

56
Q

antiplatelet with MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

dipyridamole, cilostazol

57
Q

best anti platelet drug to be given in patients post PCI

A

GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockers… kasi pinakamatindi silang anti platelet drugs given pag sobrang “gasgas” ang endothelial lining like in PCI

58
Q

antiplatelet drugs that causes coronary steal phenomenon

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors (cilostazol and dipyridamole)

59
Q

best antiplatelet drug for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease

A

cilostazol

60
Q

warfarin is indicated for valvular or non valvular atrial fib?

A

valvular AF

61
Q

Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban are indicated for valvular o non valvular AF?

A

non valvular AF

62
Q

high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparin, synthetic pentasaccharide are examples of

A

indirect thrombin inhibitors

63
Q

hirudin, bivalirudin, dabigatran are examples of

A

direct thrombin inhibitors

64
Q

examples of parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors

A

argatroban, and mga RUDIN… hirudin, bivalirudin, lepirudin

65
Q

examples of oral direct thrombin inhibitors

A

dabigatran

66
Q

rivaroxaban and apixaban are examples of

A

direct Xa inhibitors.. kaya rivaroXAban and apiXAban

67
Q

example of vitamin K antagonist

68
Q

examples of ORAL anticoagulants

A

Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban… “si Dab mahilig sa oral hahahahahaha”

69
Q

anti coagulant that is safe for pregnancy

A

low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin, tinzaparin…)

70
Q

examples of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors

A

statins… simvastatin…

71
Q

what lipid lowering agents can cause myopathy –> myoglobinuria- –> acute renal failure

A

simvastatin and gemfibrozil

72
Q

lipid lowering agent that can causes cutaneous vasodilation

73
Q

gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, and bezafibrate are examples of

A

fibric acid derivates ( a type of lipid lowering agent)

74
Q

colestipol, cholestyramine, and colesevelam are examples of

A

bile acid binding resins (for lipid lowering)

75
Q

this drug used for CHF inhibits Na K ATPase

76
Q

this drug used for CHF is parasympathomimetic at physiologic doses and sympathomimetic in high doses kaya nagkakaroon ng arrythmia as side effect

77
Q

amrinone and milrinone are examples of

A

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (for CHF kasi it acts both as inotropic and vasodilator kaya sila tinatawag na inodilators)

78
Q

at what dose will dopamine stimulate dopaminergic receptors causing dilation of mesenteric vessels causing decreased preload

A

1-2 ug/kg/min

79
Q

at what dose will dopamine stimulate alpha AND beta receptors

A

2-10 ug/kg/min

80
Q

at what dose will dopamine stimulate alpha receptors only causing vasoconstriction (similar action to norepinephrine)

A

> 20 ug/kg/min

81
Q

effect of dobutamin given that it is B1 agonist and alpha antagonist

A

it is both an inotropic and a vasodilator

82
Q

betablockers can be given to Class I, II, III. and IV CHF

A

class I and II only

83
Q

DOC to relieve pulmonary edema

A

furosemide

84
Q

tolvaptan and conivaptan are examples of

A

argenine-vasopressin antagonists

85
Q

digitalis toxicity is enhanced by what electrolyte abnormalities

A

hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

86
Q

normal LV filling pressure is around

A

15 mmHg ( if it exceeds then it means na end diastolic pressure is high so poor ang contraction ng heart)

87
Q

normal cardiac index should be

88
Q

ion channels blocked by various classes of anti arryhtmic drugs

A 
class I - sodium channels
class II - beta receptors
class III- postassium channels
class IV- calcium channels
89
Q

examples of class IV antiarrythmics

A

verapamil and diltiazem

90
Q

examples of class III antiarrythmics

A

amiodarone and sotalol

91
Q

examples of class II antiarrythmics

A

beta blockers

92
Q

quinidine , procainamide, and disopydramide are examples of what class of antiarrythmics

93
Q

lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine, and phenytoin are examples of what class of antiarrythmics

94
Q

flecainade, encainide, and moricizine are examples of what class of antiarrythmics

95
Q

true or false.. adenosine can inhibit AV nodal conduction and increases AV nodal refractory period

96
Q

true or false… adenosine can be used for Torsades de pointes while magnesium can be used for paroxysmal SVT

A

false. baliktadddd

97
Q

how can hyperkalemia cause suppression of heart activity

A

increasing serum K will suppress the SA node and depress ectopic pacemakers by promoting restinh potential depolarizing action and membrane potential stabilizing action….

98
Q

hypokalemia is pro arrhythmic. true or false

99
Q

location of activity of class I anti arrhythmic

A

heart muscles.. so sa atrium and ventricles… except ofr class IB na sa ventricles lang

100
Q

location of activity of class II anti arrhythmic

A

AV node and ventricles

101
Q

location of activity of class III anti arrhythmic

A

heart muscles so atrium and ventricles

102
Q

location of activity of class IV anti arrhythmic

A

AV node only

103
Q

class of anti arrhythmic drugs that can suppress supra ventricular tachycardia

A

class II and class IV

104
Q

in acute AF do cardioversion while in chronic AF requires rate control only. true or false

105
Q

anti arrhythmics that can be used for cardioversion

A

class Ia, Ic, and III

106
Q

anti arrhythmics that can be used for rate control

A

AV nodal blockers so class II and class IV

107
Q

true or false: for VTach stable–> defibrillation

A

false. drug administration would suffice

108
Q

true or false: for VTach with pulse but low BP –> defibrillation

A

false. do electrical synchronized cardioversion

109
Q

true or false: for VTach without pulse –> defibrillation

110
Q

true or false: for Vfib —> defibrillation

zzzPHARMACOLOGY (10 decks)

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