CARDIO Flashcards
starting dose of spironolactone for HF
25mg once daily
why does AF occur
depolarisation stimuli fire off from abnormal areas in the atria, instead from the sinus node
first line for acs
aspirin / clopidogrel if allergic to aspirin. life long
types of bb in acs and what if pt is allergic
carvedilol, metoprolol // non dhp ccb eg verapamil
unfractionated heparin vs lmwh what to monitor
ufh: need monitor aptt, platelet counts (to detect heparin induced thrombocytopenia).
lmwh: no need to monitor as frequently, still monitor for platelet counts
how do class 1 drugs work (arryth) examples of class 1 drugs
sodium channel blockers, slow conduction velocity.
class 1b - lidocaine, mexiletine
class 1c - flecanide (risk of proarryth)
class 2 drugs in arryth
beta blockers (eg atenolol, bisoprolol metoprolol, carvedilol)
class 3 drugs in arryth and egs
prolong refractoriness and block potassium channels.
amiodarone, sotalol
class 4 drugs in arryth
non-dhp ccb (verapamil, dilitazem), inhibit calcium entry and slow conduction, prolong refractories
chads2vasc score to determine need for stroke prevention in af
refer to haem 3154 qn
options for rate control
bb/nondhp
amiodarone
rhythm ctrl: no signs of structural heart disease. what drugs
class 1c, class 3
rhythm ctrl: in pts with CAD, HFpEF, significant valvular disease
class 3
rhythm ctrl: HFrEF
amiodarone. sotalol not suitable in low ef
digoxin effects on heart failure
increases ca2+ influx and contractility of the heart
