Cardiac Introduction

Question 1

Brain

Blood Flow

consumption

Answer 1

Flow: 13%

consumption: 21%

Question 2

Coronary circulation

flow

O2 consumption

Answer 2

Flow: 4%

O2 consumption: 11%

Question 3

Liver

Blood flow

and consumption

Answer 3

Flow: 24%

O2 consumption 23%

Question 4

skeletal muscle

flow and O2 consumption

Answer 4

Flow: 21%

O2 consumption: 27%

Question 5

Kidney

Flow and O2 consumption

Answer 5

Flow: 20%

O2 consumption: 7%

Question 6

Skin and other organs

Flow and O2 consumption

Answer 6

Flow: 18%

O2 consumption: 11%

Question 7

visceral pericardium

Answer 7

the inner layer of the pericardium closes to the heart

Question 8

Parietal pericardium

Answer 8

the outer layer of the paricardium

Question 9

Pathway of blood through the heart

Answer 9

1. deoxygenated blood enters Right atrium from the Venae cavae.
2. through tricuspid valve to Right ventricle
3. through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk/arteries
4. Alveoli of the lungs to become oxygenated
5. through pulmonary veins into left Atrium
6. through mitral valve into left ventricle
7. through aortic valve into aorta
8. out to systemic circuit

Question 10

Fossa Ovalis

Answer 10

• Where the Foramen Ovale was during fetal development
• In Right Atria on septal wall between Right and Left Atrium

Question 11

Cordae tendineae

Answer 11

Connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid and mitral valve.

Prevent the prolapse of the valves up into the atria while ventricle is contracting and pressure is much higher in Ventricle than in the atrium

Question 12

attributes of arteries

Answer 12

• deliver blood under high pressure
• thick walled
• no valves
• more elastic closer to heart in bigger arteries
• more muscular farther from heart as arteries get smaller

Question 13

attributes of Veins

Answer 13

• Collection of blood under low pressure
• thinner walled
• valves to facilitate blood return to the heart
• total volume of veins is much greater than arteries

Question 14

Poiseuille’s law

Answer 14

R = (n*L*8)/(πr⁴)

n = viscocity

L = vessel length

r = vessel radius

Question 15

Poiseuilles Law

change in radius

Answer 15

change in R is non-linear

Smaller radius has exponentially more resistance

Question 16

Poiseuille’s Law

Change in length

Answer 16

change in length is linear

vessel becomes twice as long, resistance becomes twice as hard

Question 17

Poiseuille’s law

change in viscocity

Answer 17

Change is viscocity is linear

blood becomes twice as viscous, resistance is twice as hard

Question 18

Answer 18

• as the arterioles become smaller branches, the area increases and velocity slows
  
  • total resistance is lower than each individual resistance
• Velocity of veins is slower than arteries because area is greater
• V₁*A₁=V₂*A₂

Question 19

What causes turbulent flow?

Answer 19

• increased velocity
• a bigger tube
• a tube getting smaller
• merging
• interference

Question 20

Laminar flow is more likely in…

Answer 20

• small tubes
• higher viscocity