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Physiology > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Tunica intima

A

thin, endothelial, internal elastic lamina

inner most layer

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2
Q

Tunica media

A

smooth muscle

Elastic and reticular fibers

external elastic lamina

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3
Q

Tunica adventitia

A
  • collagen I, elastic fibers
    • prevents too much stretch
    • protective
  • contains vasa vasorum
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4
Q

Which part of the vascular system really controls blood flow?

A

arterioles

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5
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small blood vessels that feed the bigger blood vessels

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6
Q

difference between large elastic artery and medium muscular artery

A
  • large elastic artery
    • thick tunica media layer
    • lots of elastic
  • medium muscular
    • much thinner tunica media
    • more smooth muscle, less elastic
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7
Q

Continuous capillary

A
  • most common
  • tight, occluding juctions
    • minimal fluid leakage
    • everything must cross the cells by diffusion
  • basement membrane intact
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8
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A
  • have tight junctions with perforations (fenestrations) that allow greater exchange through the endothelium
  • continuous basement membrane
  • Found in organs where molecular exchange with the blood is important
    • endocrine organs
    • intestine walls
    • choroid plexus
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9
Q

Sinusoid

A
  • discontinuous capillaries
    • discontinuities between the endothelial cells; large fenestrations
  • Partial, discontinuous basement membrane
  • Found where exchange of macromolecules and cells occurs readily
    • bone marrow
    • liver
    • spleen (RBC in the obstacle course)
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10
Q

How do precapillary sphinctors affect blood flow?

A
  • sense changes in chemistry (ex. AMP) and will open in response, increasing blood flow rate through arteriole
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11
Q

How do arterioles affect blood flow?

A

Arterioles can sense increas in blood flows (after precapillary sphinctors have opened) and will know to allow more blood through and will dilate.

This higher blood flow will “wash away” the AMP that the precapillary sphinctors were sensing

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12
Q

what happens when veins constrict?

A

big decrease in volume, no appreciable increase in resistance

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13
Q

Which blood vessels have tunica adventitia?

A

all except capillaries

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14
Q

Three ways of blood pressure regulation

A
  • autoregulation (local response)
    • sphincto control in capillary beds
    • shear stress induced vasodilation
    • myogenic response
  • Neural regulation
    • cardiovascular centers of the medulla oblongata
      • vascular tone
    • baroreceptors
    • chemoreceptor
  • Hormonal regulation (slower)
    • RAAS
    • ANP
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15
Q

Increased HR

A

causes increased CO and BP

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16
Q

increased contractility causes

A

increased ejection fraction which causes increased CO and BP

17
Q

increased SVR causes

A

decreased CO but increased BP

18
Q

Increased CVP causes

A

increased LVEDV which causes increased SV which causes increased CO and BP

19
Q

Effector organs of ANG II

A
  1. blood vessels- vasoconstriction
  2. Heart- increased CO
  3. Adrenal cortex- aldosterone release
    1. increase Na reabsorption by kidney
  4. hypothalamus- minor increase in ADH release
    1. increase H2o absorption by kidney
20
Q

Effects of ANP

A
  • increased Na and water excretion
  • vascular smooth muscle relaxation
  • blocking ADH, aldosterone, and NE
21
Q

difference btw ANP and BNP

A

same as bnp but released from ventricles

22
Q

supra Medullary regulation

A
  • hypothalamus and cortex connext the cardiovascular control center to alther its activity
  • drives to increase CO and respirations before you need it
  • ADH is also released during exercise
23
Q

hepatic portal system

A

brings the blood from stomach/intestine to liver to be cleaned

24
Q

hepatic artery

A

brings blood to the liver for its own nutrient/o2 requirements

25
Q

splanchnic circulation and SNS stimulation

A

lots of blood chillin in the liver. When needed elsewhere, SNS activity will cause vasoconstriction and blood will be shunted out of liver

Physiology (31 decks)

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