Carbohydrates Flashcards
CHO according to ____ should be _____% of total daily calories
(1) Dietary Guidelines for Americans
(2) 45-65%
key to enter individual cells
Insulin
Blocks capillaries that carry nutrients to different body organ
Diabetes Mellitus
Early signs or signs of Diabetes Mellitus
Blurred Vision, Blindness, Amputation, Kidney prob
inherited, pancreas cant secrete insulin; inject insulin, insulin shock
Type 1 Diabetes
insulin resistance by hormone resistant of fat cells
Type II Diabetes
___ high glucose in blood stream; ____ low blood sugar
(1) Hyperglycemia; (2) Hypoglycemia
What is intermittent fasting?
method to burn excess glucose | 12 hrs + 4 hrs
energy from protein & fats
GLUCOGENESIS
Give the classification & sugar mol of CHO
(1) Monosaccharide - 1
(2) Disaccharide - 2
(3) Oligosaccharide - 2 to 10
(4) Polysaccharide - 10+
Sources of CHO that should be taken last or in moderation (5)
1 Sugars
2 Root Crops & Other Veggies (Potato, Sweet potato, Yam; Squash, Carrots)
3 Milk
4 Fruits
5 Cereals & Grains
Digestion occurs in the mouth w ______ enzyme
Ptyalin salivary enzyme
___ pancreatic enzyme
Amylase
Enzymes in Intestinal Wall
SML: Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase
TECHNIQUE OR BEST WAY TO DRINK WATER
Drink water 30 mins before and after eating
In absorption _____: glucose; liver: _____
(1) Blood stream
(2) Fructose & Galactose
enzyme in Small Intestine, breakdowns glucose
Sucrase
Sucrose when broken down ________________
Glucose Fructose
Maltose when broken down ____
Glucose Glucose
Lactose when broken down _____
Glucose Galactose
Lactose - _______ = Glucose Galactose
______ - Sucrase = Glucose Fructose
Maltose - ______ = Glucose Glucose
(1) Lactase (2) Sucrose (3) Maltase
___ excess glucose in liver as glycogen; _____ excess glucose as fat
(1) Glucogenesis; (2) Lipogenesis
____ breakdown glycogen - glucose; ____ from amino & fatty acid - glucose
(1) Glycogenolysis; (2) Gluconeogenesis
caries - demineralization - _______
dissolubility of enamel
Toothbrushing should be done _____ & ____
30 mins after drinking water | should last 2 mins
prone to plaque (opening of salivary gland)
Lower lingual incisor & lower morals:
Diseases related to CHO (4) DCOD
(1) Dental Caries, (2) Cardiovascular Diseasse, (3) Obesity,
(4) Diabetes Mellitus
CHO prevents UCHAD
(1) ulcerative colitis, (2) colon cancer, (3) hemorrhoid,
(4) appendicitis, (5) diverticulosis
pocket bulges at colon wall
diverticulosis
CHO functions as energy ____ & _____
(1) oxidation of fats; (2) source of fibers (25g /day)
In sugar alcohol choose: Nutritive or Non nutritive
Aspartame (nutra sweet, equal)
Supratime
Non Nutritive
In sugar alcohol choose: Nutritive or Non nutritive
Sorbitol, Xylitol (in chewing gum)
Nutritive
Process in diabetes mellitus that leads to coma
Formation of ketone bodies - more or less CHO - acetoacetic acid - acidosis - imbalance Na - coma
Process of conversion of energy in absorption
Glycolysis - Pyruvic Acid - Acetyl COA - CO2, H2O = ENERGY
Process of breakdown of glucose in absorption
Fructose - Galactose - Glucose Intestinal Wall - Liver - further breakdown to Glucose
