Carbapenems and cephalosporins

Question 1

Structure of carbapenems and cephalosporins

Answer 1

Beta lactam abx similar structure to pens

Question 2

Carbapenem examples

Answer 2

Imipenem
Meropenem
Doripenem
Etrapenem

Question 3

What is imipenem given with

Answer 3

Cilastatin always
Prevents it from being reduced by enzymes in the kidneys

MED are ok with kidneys

Question 4

Which carbapenem safest with epilepsy

Answer 4

Meropenem has lowest seizure inducing potential

Question 5

Side effects of carbapeneme

Answer 5

Cross sensitivity reaction - avoid if immediate hypersensitivity to beta lactam abx

Nausea
Diarrhea
Vomiting

Question 6

Caution of carbapenems with which condition

Answer 6

Renal impairment and seizures

They can reduce conc of valproate

Question 7

Examples of first gen cephalosporins

Answer 7

‘Cefa or cefra’ expect cifraclor

Examples of first gen

Cefalxein
Cefradine

Question 8

2nd gen cephalosporin examples

Answer 8

Cefuroxime
Cefaclor

Question 9

Third gen cephalosporin

Answer 9

Have T in them - t for third

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazimide
Cefixime

Question 10

Hypersensitivity percentage

Answer 10

0.5-0.6% pt who have allergy to pens will have allergy to cephalosporin

Question 11

Which cephalosporins has high rate of and induced colitis

Answer 11

2 and 3

Question 12

How does cephalosporins affect urine test

Answer 12

False positive urine glucose test

Question 13

Which cephalosporins used in meningitis

Answer 13

Container and ceftriaxone