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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE > C5 - LESSON 2B: STAGES OF T CELL DIFFERENTIATION > Flashcards

C5 - LESSON 2B: STAGES OF T CELL DIFFERENTIATION Flashcards

1
Q

– site of differentiation

A

Thymus

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2
Q

– Lymphocyte Precursors

A

Thymocytes

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3
Q

– Chemical messenger that dictates migration of thymocyte

A

Chemokines

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4
Q

Early Surface markers of Thymocytes:

A

CD44 and CD25

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5
Q

Maturation period:

A

3 weeks

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6
Q

Early thymocyte

A

Double Negative Stage

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7
Q

Lacks CD4 and CD8

A

Double Negative Stage

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8
Q

Active Proliferation

A

Double Negative Stage

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9
Q

Outer cortex

A

Double Negative Stage

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10
Q

Influenced by Inteleukin-7

A

Double Negative Stage

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11
Q

Antigen receptors
TCR, CD3, a-chain and b-chain

A

Double Negative Stage

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12
Q

Contains both CD4 and CD8 markers

A

Double Positive Stage

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13
Q

Expression of CD3ab Receptor Complex

A

Double Positive Stage

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14
Q

Double positive cells with functioning TCR

A

Positive selection

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15
Q

Deletion of developing T cells

A

Negative Selection

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16
Q

Survivors of selection exhibit only one type of marker, either CD4 or CD8, and they migrate to the medulla.

A

Mature T Cells

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17
Q

MHC Class II Protein

A

CD4+ T Cells

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18
Q

Known as Helper or Inducer T Cells

A

CD4+ T Cells

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19
Q

TH1 – IFN-y and TNF-b

A

CD4+ T Cells

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20
Q

TH2 – IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL11

A

CD4+ T Cells

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21
Q

MHC Class I Protein

A

CD8+ T Cells

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22
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

CD8+ T Cells

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23
Q

Characterized by polyribosome filled cytoplasm

A

Antigen activation

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24
Q

Express receptors for IL-2

A

Antigen activation

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25
Q

Antigen activation Activities:

A

Assisting B Cells in Antibody production
Kills tumor and other target cells
Rejects grafts
Stimulates hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
Stimulates delayed hypersensitivity reaction

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26
Q

Larger than T and B Cells (15um in diameter)

A
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27
Q

Ability to mediate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure

A
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28
Q

Early defenders-lacks specificity

A
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29
Q

Surface Markers: CD56 and CD16

A
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30
Q

They play an important role as a transitional cell bridging the innate and the acquired response to pathogens

A
31
Q

Gives time for T and B cells to activate

A
32
Q

Two subsets of NK cells

A

High level of CD56 and low or no CD16

CD56 and high levels of CD16

33
Q

Reduce more cytokines and help support antibody production

A

High level of CD56 and low or no CD16

34
Q

Have a higher cytotoxic activity

A

CD56 and high levels of CD16

35
Q

Develop in the thymus

A

T CELLS

36
Q

Found in blood (60-80% of circulating lymphocytes), thoracic duct fluid, lymph nodes

A

T CELLS

37
Q

Identified by rosette formation with SRBC’s

A

T CELLS

38
Q

End products of activation are cytokines

A

T CELLS

39
Q

Antigens include CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD8

A

T CELLS

40
Q

Located in paracortical region of lymph nodes

A

T CELLS

41
Q

Develop in the bone marrow

A

B CELLS

42
Q

Found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

A

B CELLS

43
Q

Identified by surface immunoglobulin

A

B CELLS

44
Q

End product of activation is antibody

A

B CELLS

45
Q

Antigens include CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC Class II

A

B CELLS

46
Q

Located in cortical region of lymph nodes

A

B CELLS

47
Q

arise in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells.

A

Undifferentiated lymphocytes

48
Q

They mature in the primary lymphoid organs.

A

Undifferentiated lymphocytes

49
Q

For B cells, this takes place in the (?), while T cells acquire their specificity in the (?).

A

bone marrow

thymus

50
Q

B and T cells can be recognized by the presence of surface antigens, or CDs, that are detected by (?).

A

monoclonal antibodies

51
Q

B cell markers include (?).

A

CD19, MHC class II proteins, and surface immunoglobulins

52
Q

The (?) act as receptors for antigen.

A

surface immunoglobulins

53
Q

allow B cells to interact with T helper cells in the production of antibody

A

MHC class II proteins

54
Q

When contact with specific antigen occurs, (?) differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibody.

A

B cells

55
Q

In the process, (?) are also created.

A

memory cells

56
Q

These can rapidly respond the next time that same antigen is seen.

A

memory cells

57
Q

Production of antibody is known as (?).

A

humoral immunity

58
Q

T cells are distinguished by the presence of (?).

A

CD3, CD2, and either CD4 or CD8

59
Q

is the receptor that interacts with sheep red blood cells to form rosettes, a simple test for the enumeration of T cells

A

CD2

60
Q

Cells that express CD4 belong to a T-cell subset that includes (?), while CD8-carrying T cells are (?).

A

helper/inducer cells

cytotoxic/suppressor cells

61
Q

The (?) serves as the receptor for antigen.

A

CD3 marker

62
Q

The major portion of it is common to all T cells, but two chains—(?)—contain variable regions that can bind to only certain antigens.

A

alpha and beta

63
Q

(?) go through a positive and then a negative selection process, whereby the surviving cells recognize MHC determinants along with foreign antigen.

A

T cells

64
Q

The T cells are responsible for (?), which involves production of cytokines that serve as regulatory factors for the immune response.

A

cell-mediated immunity

65
Q

A third class of lymphocytes, known as (?), are found in the peripheral blood and represent 5 to 15 percent of the total lymphocyte population.

A

NK cells

66
Q

These are larger and contain more cytoplasm and granules than T or B cells.

A

NK cells

67
Q

They are responsible for killing target cells, including those that are virally infected or cancerous, without previous exposure or sensitization to them.

A

NK cells

68
Q

They do this by recognizing missing self-MHC antigens, in addition to detecting the presence of stress proteins on infected and cancerous cells.

A

NK cells

69
Q

This is an important first line of defense against invasion by such cells.

A

NK cells

70
Q

The Laboratory determination of individual lymphocyte populations is essential in diagnosis of such conditions as (?).

A

lymphomas, immunodeficiency diseases, unexplained infections, or acquired immune diseases such as AIDS

71
Q

are identified using monoclonal antibodies directed against specific surface antigens.

A

Lymphocytes

72
Q

They are enumerated through the use of (?), which categorizes cells on the basis of light scattering.

A

cell flow cytometry

73
Q

eliminate subjectivity and are more precise, although more costly.

A

Automated methods

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE (12 decks)

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