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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE > C5 - LESSON 1: LYMPHOID ORGANS > Flashcards

C5 - LESSON 1: LYMPHOID ORGANS Flashcards

1
Q

Largest tissue of the body (adult: 1300 to 1500g)

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Main source of hematopoietic stem cells

A

Bone Marrow

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3
Q

Can differentiate into lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, erythrocytes, and megakaryocyte population.

A

Bone Marrow

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4
Q

Center for antigen independent lymphopoiesis

A

Bone Marrow

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5
Q

B cell maturation takes place within the bone marrow itself

A

Bone Marrow

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6
Q

Small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity, right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart.

A

Thymus

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7
Q

Weighs an average of 30g at birth, reaches about 35 g at puberty, and then gradually atrophies

A

Thymus

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8
Q

Although the thymus diminishes in size, it is still capable of producing T lymphocytes until at least the fifth or sixth decade of life.

A

Thymus

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9
Q

Progenitor cells that migrate to the thymus proliferate and differentiate under the influence of the humoral factor-(?)

A

thymosin

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10
Q
  • lymphocyte precursors with acquired surface membrane antigens
A

Thymocytes

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11
Q

Surface antigens are acquired as the lymphocytes travel from the cortex to the medulla over a period of 2 to 3 weeks.

A

Thymus

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12
Q

Progenitors of T cells appear in the fetus as early as 8 weeks in the gestational period - essential to acquisition of immunocompetence by the time the infant is born.

A

Thymus

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13
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

A
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14
Q

act as lymphoid filters in the lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes

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15
Q

Lymph fluid flows slowly through spaces called (?), which are lined with macrophages, creating an ideal location for phagocytosis to take place.

A

sinuses

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16
Q

respond to antigens introduced distally and routed to them by afferent lymphatics

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

Generalized lymph node reactivity can occur after (?) (e.g., serum sickness)

A

systemic antigen challenge

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18
Q

Lymph nodes Primary function:

A

generation of B cell memory

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19
Q

The Lymph nodes tissue is organized into:

A
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20
Q

Contains macrophages and aggregations of B cells in primary follicles

A

Outer cortex

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21
Q

These are mature, resting B cells that have not been exposed to antigens.

A

Outer cortex

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22
Q

Specialized cells called follicular dendritic cells are also located here

A

Outer cortex

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23
Q

Region between the follicles and medulla where T lymphocytes are mainly localized

A

Paracortex

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24
Q

T lymphocytes are in close proximity to antigen-presenting cells called interdigitating cells

A

Paracortex

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25
Q

Particulate antigens are removed as the fluid travels across the node from cortex to medulla.

A

Inner medulla

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26
Q

The transit time through a lymph node is approximately 18 hours.

A

Inner medulla

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27
Q

If contact with antigen takes place, lymphocyte traffic shuts down due to the proliferation of activated cells.

A

Inner medulla

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28
Q

Accumulation of lymphocytes and other cells causes the lymph nodes to become enlarged, a condition known as lymphadenopathy.

A

Inner medulla

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29
Q

Recirculation of expanded numbers of lymphocytes then occurs.

A

Inner medulla

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30
Q

Largest secondary lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

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31
Q

It is an important site of antibody production in response to IV particulate antigens (e.g., bacteria)

A

Spleen

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32
Q

acts as a lymphatic filter within the blood vascular tree

A

Spleen

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33
Q

Two main types of splenic tissue:

A
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34
Q

removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood.

A

Spleen

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35
Q

Makes up more than one-half of the total volume

A

Red pulp

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36
Q

Red pulp Function:

A

to destroy old red blood cells

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37
Q

20% of the total weight of the spleen

A

White pulp

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38
Q

Contains lymphoid tissue- arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

White pulp

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39
Q
  • contains mainly T cells
A

PALS

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40
Q
  • attached to the sheath
A

Primary follicles

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41
Q

contains B cells that are not yet stimulated by antigens

A

Primary follicles

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42
Q
  • surrounds the PALS containing dendritic cells that trap antigen
A

Marginal zone

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43
Q

includes lymphoid tissue in the intestines (Peyer’s patches) and the liver

A

GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

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44
Q

features immunoglobulin A (IgA) production and involves a unique pattern of lymphocyte recirculation.

A

GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

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45
Q

important for the development of tolerance to ingested antigen

A

GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

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46
Q

Rich source of mature T cells

A

Thoracic duct

47
Q

can cause T cell depletion and has been used as a method of immunosuppression.

A

Chronic thoracic duct drainage

48
Q

includes lymphoid tissue in the lower respiratory tract and hilar lymph nodes.

A

BALT (Bronchus- associated lymphoid tissue)

49
Q

It is mainly associated with IgA production in response to inhaled antigens.

A

BALT (Bronchus- associated lymphoid tissue)

50
Q

Antigens introduced through the skin are presented by epidermal Langerhans cells, which are bone marrow–derived accessory cells.

A

Skin-associated lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue

51
Q

These epidermal cells then interact with lymphocytes in the skin and in draining lymph nodes.

A

Skin-associated lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue

52
Q

important lymphoid organ and immunologic effector tissue.

53
Q

Most frequently sampled lymphoid organ

54
Q

Circulating blood has enough mature T cells to produce a (?).

A

graft-versus-host reaction

55
Q

In addition, blood transfusions have been responsible for inducing acquired immunologic tolerance in (?).

A

kidney allograft patients

56
Q

Found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities

57
Q

Tonsils Function:

A

to respond to pathogens entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts

58
Q

Function as potential sites for contact with foreign antigen

59
Q

also increases the probability of an immune response along with the other secondary organs

60
Q

T lymphocytes (%) 100
B Lymphocytes (%) 0

61
Q

T lymphocytes (%) 80
B Lymphocytes (%) 20

62
Q

T lymphocytes (%) 60
B Lymphocytes (%) 40

A

Lymph nodes

63
Q

T lymphocytes (%) 45
B Lymphocytes (%) 55

64
Q

T lymphocytes (%)10
B Lymphocytes (%) 90

A

Bone marrow

65
Q

Proteins on cell surfaces can be used as markers to differentiate T and B cells

A

Surface Markers on Lymphocytes

66
Q

Proteins can also be used to distinguish the developmental stages of the two types of cells according to when these proteins appear.

A

Surface Markers on Lymphocytes

67
Q

Detected by monoclonal antibodies

A

Surface Markers on Lymphocytes

68
Q

Specific antibodies made by cloning a single antibody-producing cell

A

Surface Markers on Lymphocytes

69
Q

Surface marker that identifies a particular differentiation lineage recognized by a group of monoclonal antibodies

A

Clusters of differentiation (CD)

70
Q

45-58

71
Q

Thymocytes, T cells, NK cells

72
Q

Involved in T-cell activation

73
Q

20-28

74
Q

Thymocytes, T cells

75
Q

Associated with T-cell antigen receptor

76
Q

role in TCR signal transduction

77
Q

55

78
Q

Helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages

79
Q

Coreceptor for MHC class II; receptor for HIV

80
Q

58

81
Q

Mature T cells, thymocytes, subset of B cells (B1)

82
Q

Positive or negative modulation of T and B cell receptor signaling

83
Q

60-76

84
Q

Thymocyte subsets, cytotoxic T cell

85
Q

Coreceptor for MHC class I

86
Q

100

87
Q

B and T cell precursors, bone marrow stromal cells

88
Q

Protease; marker for pre-B CALLA

89
Q

50-80

90
Q

Macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils

91
Q

Low affinity Fc receptor, mediates phagocytosis and ADCC

92
Q

> 120

93
Q

B cells, follicular dendritic cells

94
Q

Part of B cell coreceptor, signal transduction molecule that regulates B-cell development and activation

95
Q

145

96
Q

B cells, follicular dendritic cells, subset of immature thymocytes

97
Q

Receptor for complement component C3d; part of B-cell coreceptor with CD19

98
Q

45

99
Q

B cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cell

100
Q

Regulation of IgE synthesis; triggers release of Il-1, Il-6, and GM-CSF from monocytes

101
Q

55

102
Q

Activated T, B cells, monocytes

103
Q

Receptor for IL-2

104
Q

85

105
Q

Most leukocytes

106
Q

Adhesion molecule mediating homing to peripheral lymphoid organs

107
Q

180

108
Q

Different forms on all hematopoietic cells

109
Q

Essential in T and B cell antigen-stimulated activation

110
Q

175-220

111
Q

NK cells, subsets of T cells

112
Q

Not known

113
Q

70

114
Q

Subunit of NKG2-A complex involved in inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE (12 decks)

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