C1 - LESSON 1: DEFINITION OF TERMS Flashcards
is defined as resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease.
Immunology
Defined as the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body
Immunology
Diagnostic examination of blood serum and other body fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogens.
Serology
- condition of being resistant to infection
• Immunity
- The phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent
• Cross immunity
- substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody
• Antigens
- Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.
• Immunogen
- a low-molecular-weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen.
• Hapten
- glycoprotein substance (immunoglobulin) that is produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen.
• Antibody
- derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a single class of immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus.
• Monoclonal antibodies
- produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many B-cell clones in response to an antigen
• Polyclonal antibodies
- Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species
• Heteroantibodies or xenoantibodies
- formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species
• Alloantibodies
- produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens
• Autoantibodies
- part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor
• Epitope
- the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the antigens.
• Agglutination
- is the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule.
• Affinity
- strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody.
• Avidity
- smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected.
• Sensitivity
- ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary determinants and not to an antigen with dissimilar determinants.
• Specificity
- glycoprotein substances secreted by antigen-stimulated B cells
• Immunoglobulins
- It is the predominant immunoglobulin in secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and respiratory tract, genital, and intestinal secretions
• IgA
- exists as a monomer, and its function is unknown.
• IgD
- binds to crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on mast cells and basophils and is elevated during parasitic infections and Type I allergic reactions
• IgE
- is the predominant immunoglobulin in the adult.
• IgG
- is the largest of the immunoglobulins, existing as a pentamer.
• IgM
It is the first immunoglobulin to be produced after exposure to an antigen
IgM
- group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.
• Complement
- A small peptide formed during complement activation that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.
• Anaphylatoxins
- A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine
• Anaphylaxis
It is also the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placental barrier, thus transferring immunity from mother to infant.
• IgG
