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Chemistry > C5- Chemical changes > Flashcards

C5- Chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

State the reactivity series

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold.

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2
Q

What metals fizz and release hydrogen with water?

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium

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3
Q

What metals have a very slow reaction with water?

A

Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron

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4
Q

What metals react only with steam, not water?

A

Tin, lead

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5
Q

What metals don’t react with water at all?

A

Copper, silver, gold

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6
Q

What metals explode with dilute acid?

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium

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7
Q

What metals fizz, produce hydrogen and form a salt with dilute acid?

A

Calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron

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8
Q

What metals react with warm dilute acid?

A

Tin, lead

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9
Q

What metals don’t react with dilute acid?

A

Copper, silver, gold

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10
Q

What is the general rule for a displacement reaction

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from it’s compound

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11
Q

What does an ionic equation show

A

Only the atoms and ions that change in a reaction

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12
Q

Oxidation
Oxygen?
Electrons?

A

Gains oxygen
Loses electrons

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13
Q

Reduction
Oxygen?
Electrons?

A

Loses oxygen
Gains electrons

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14
Q

Metal ores definition

A

Rocks that contain enough metal compounds to make it economical to extract the pure metal

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15
Q

3 factors when deciding to extract a metal

A

-How easy it is to extract
-How much metal the ore contains
-Demands for a metal

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16
Q

What metals are found in the Earth in their natural state and why?

A

Gold and silver because they are so unreactive

17
Q

Extracting metals using carbon, products

A

Metal and carbon dioxide

18
Q

How are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

By electrolysis

19
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal ions

20
Q

How can salts be made?

A

By reacting an acid with a metal that is more reactive than hydrogen but not dangerous

21
Q

What does a reaction between a metal and acid produce?

A

A salt and hydrogen

22
Q

What type of reaction is between a metal and an acid and why?

A

A redox reaction
The metal atoms lose electrons and the hydrogen ions gain electrons

23
Q

What does a reaction between an acid and a base produce?
What is this reaction called?

A

A salt and water

A neutralisation reaction

24
Q

Key fact of the charges on a salt?

A

The sum of charges on a salt equal zero

25
Q

How to make pure copper sulfate crystals from sulfuric acid and copper oxide.

A

-Gently heat 30cm3 of sulfuric acid in beaker over bunsen burner
-Add 2 spatulas of copper oxide, stir, ensure it is in excess
-Filter the solution through filter paper
-Pour solution in evaporating basin, gently heat until most of liquid has evaporated
-Leave rest of liquid to evaporate slowly, larger crystals and gently dry

26
Q

What does a reaction between an acid and alkali produce?
What is this called?

A

A salt and water

Neutralisation

27
Q

Neutralisation balanced symbol equation

A

H+ + OH- —–> H2O

28
Q

How to collect a pure, dry salt from a reaction with an acid and alkali

A

Carry out a titration (with indicator) to find the exact volume of acid needed. Use same volume of acid with alkali (no indicator). Crystallise

29
Q

What does a reaction between an acid and a carbonate produce?

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

30
Q

Acid

A

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

31
Q

Base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid (including alkalis)

32
Q

Alkali

A

A soluble base- all alkalis form OH- ions in solution

33
Q

2 key ways to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is
What number shows acid, alkali and neutral?

A

pH scale
universal indicator
Acid=less than 7
Alkali=greater than 7
Neutral=7

34
Q

Difference between strong and weak acids?

A

Strong- ionise fully in water
Weak- partially ionises in water

35
Q

What happens to the H+ ions when the pH decreases by 1 unit?

A

The H+ ion concentration increases by a factor of 10

Chemistry (13 decks)

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