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Chemistry > C1- Atomic structure > Flashcards

C1- Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom definition

A

Smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

Element definition

A

Substance made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Compound definition

A

2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

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4
Q

Why are the elements in groups?

A

A group contains elements with similar chemical properties

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5
Q

Which elements exist as molecules with 2 atoms joined together?

A

Iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
I buy clay for our new house

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6
Q

Chemically balanced definition

A

Same number of each atom on both sides of equation

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7
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Total mass of products equal to total mass of reactants

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8
Q

What are the 4 state symbols?

A

(s) Solid
(g) Gas
(l) Liquid
(aq) Aqueous

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9
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

A substance dissolved in water

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10
Q

Mixture definition?

A

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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11
Q

Filtration
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Pour mixture through filter paper in a funnel
Filtrate that passes through the paper
Insoluble solids stay on the filter paper

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12
Q

Evaporation
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Heat mixture to dryness in evaporating basin
Residue left in basin
Evaporated solvent

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13
Q

Simple distillation
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Heat mixture gently until only solvent evaporates, vapours condensed
Condensed solvent
Dissolved solids

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14
Q

Crystallisation
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Heat mixture, partially evaporate solvent in evaporating basin. Cool slowly for crystals
Crystals in basin
Evaporated solvent

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15
Q

Fractional distillation
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Heat; liquids vaporise to fractionating column with temp gradient. Lowest boiling point liquid reaches condenser, others fall back.
Condensed liquid with lowest boiling point
Liquids with higher boiling points

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16
Q

Paper chromatography
Method?
Product?
Waste?

A

Place samples on filter paper that touches a solvent. Substances travel dif distances on paper
None
All- used for analysis, products not recovered

17
Q

Dalton
Model name?
Key features?

A

Atomic model
-substances made of atoms
-atom is smallest part of any element

18
Q

JJ Thomson
Model name?
Key features?

A

Plum pudding model
-Discovered electron
-Found relative mass & charge of electron
-Embedded in positive cloud

19
Q

Rutherford
Model name?
Key features?

A

Nuclear model
-Discovered tiny, positive,massive nucleus
- Electrons orbit nucleus

20
Q

Bohr
Model name?
Key features?

A

Planetary model
-Electrons orbit at fixed distances
-Electron shells have different energy levels

21
Q

Chadwick
Model name?
Key features?

A

Proton neutron model
-Discovered neutrons have no charge and same mass

22
Q

Alpha particle experiment
Who?
What happened?
Proved?

A

Rutherford fired alpha particles at thin gold foil
Particles scattered and some reflected back
Proved tiny, massive, positive, central nucleus

23
Q

Proton
Symbol?
Relative mass?
Relative charge?
Location?

A

p+
1
+1
Nucleus

24
Q

Neutron
Symbol?
Relative mass?
Relative charge?
Location?

A

n
1
0
Nucleus

25
Q

Electron
Symbol?
Relative mass?
Relative charge?
Location?

A

e-
almost 0
-1
Electron shells

26
Q

Radius of typical atom?
Size of nucleus?

A

10 to power of -10m
1/1000 of the atom

27
Q

Where is the mass of an atom concentrated?
What is the charge of an atom?

A

Nucleus
No charge

28
Q

Atomic number definition?

A

Number of protons in each atom

29
Q

Mass number definition?

A

Number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom

30
Q

How to work out number of neutrons?

A

Mass number- atomic number = number of neutrons

31
Q

Isotopes defintion?

A

Atoms of the same element (same no. of protons) with dif no. of neutrons

32
Q

Ion definition?

A

A charged atom or group of atoms

33
Q

Isotopes have the same?

A

-Number of protons
-Number of electrons
-Chemical properties

34
Q

Isotopes have different?

A

-Number of neutrons
-Atomic mass
-Density
-Melting & boiling points

35
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

Weighted mean of the masses of the isotopes

Chemistry (13 decks)

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