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Chemistry > C3- Structure and bonding > Flashcards

C3- Structure and bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

2 assumptions about particle model
2 key facts when we change the temp of the model

A

Solid spheres of identical size
No forces between particles
-Size and shape stays same
-Energy changes, faster if hotter

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2
Q

3 limitations of the particle model

A

-Particles aren’t solid
-Particles aren’t spherical
-There are forces between the particles

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3
Q

Solid particle model
spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

A

Closely packed
Strong forces between
Low energy
Vibrate about fixed positions
Can’t be compressed
Fixed shape

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4
Q

Liquid particle model spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

A

Closely packed
Medium forces between
Medium energy
Can slide over each other
Can’t be compressed
Fills container bottom

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5
Q

Gas particle model spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

A

Spread out
Weak forces between
High energy
Free, random motion
Can be compressed
Fills whole container

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6
Q

Metallic bonding Defintion

A

Strong force of attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons

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7
Q

Metallic bonding
Structure

A

A giant lattice of metal ions with delocalised electrons

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8
Q

Metallic bonding
Melting point

A

High melting point, strong electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons, takes high energy to break

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9
Q

Metallic bonding
Electrical conductors

A

Good electrical conductors, delocalised electrons can carry charge through the lattice

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10
Q

Metallic bonding
Thermal conductors

A

Good thermal conductors, delocalised electrons move through the lattice transferring thermal energy

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11
Q

Alloy definition

A

A mixture of two or more elements, one of which is a metal

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12
Q

Ionic bonding
Definition

A

The strong force of electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions

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13
Q

Ionic bonding is between…

A

Metals and non-metals

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14
Q

Ionic bonding
Structure

A

Giant structure of cations and anions

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15
Q

Ionic bonding
Melting point

A

High melting point, strong forces of attraction between ions of opposite charge, takes lots of energy to break

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16
Q

Ionic bonding
Thermal conductors

A

Poor conductors, no free electrons

17
Q

Ionic bonding
Electrical conductors

A

Conducts electricity when dissolved or molten as the ions are free to move

18
Q

Covalent bonding
Definition

A

Strong electrostatic forces between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei

19
Q

Covalent bonding is between…

A

Non-metals

20
Q

Simple covalent bonding
Structure

A

Simple structure with a fixed number of two or more atoms joined together

21
Q

Simple covalent molecule
Bonding

A

Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules

22
Q

Simple covalent bonding
Melting point

A

Low melting point, weak intermolecular forces need little energy to overcome

23
Q

Simple covalent bonding
Electrical conductors

A

Do not conduct electricity, they have no free electrons

24
Q

Simple covalent bonding
Thermal conductors

A

Poor conduction, they have no free electrons

25
Q

Giant covalent structure
Structure

A

Giant structure with a variable number of atoms

26
Q

Diamond
Structure?
Melting point?
Electrical conductor?
Thermal conductor?

A

Giant 3d structure, each atom to 4 other carbon
High melting point, strong covalent bonds
Insulator, no free electrons
Thermal conductor, through the layers

27
Q

Graphite
Structure?
Melting point?
Electrical conductor?
Thermal conductor?

A

Giant layers, each atom to 3 other carbon
High melting point, strong covalent bonds
Good conductor as has delocalised electrons

28
Q

Graphene
Structure?
Melting point?
Electrical conductor?
Thermal conductor?

A

Giant layer with each atom to 3 other carbon
High melting, strong covalent bonds
Good conductor as has delocalised electrons

29
Q

Fullerenes
Structure?
Melting point?
Uses?

A

Simple hollow 3d molecules
Variable, strong covalent in each shape, weak between shapes
Carry drugs in body, for catalysts

30
Q

Nanoparticle
Diameter (nm)

A

1-100

31
Q

Fine particle
Symbol
Diameter(nm)

A

PM2.5
100-2500

32
Q

Coarse particle
Symbol
Diameter(nm)

A

PM10
2,500-10,000

33
Q

Dot and cross diagram
Ads and dis

A

Ad- Clear where electrons come from
Dis- Don’t show shapes of molecules

34
Q

Stick diagram
Dis

A

Dis- Can’t tell where electron came from
Dis-Don’t show shape of molecule

35
Q

Ball and stick diagram
Ad and Dis

A

Ad- Shows ions as 3 dimensional
Dis-Shows too much space

36
Q

Inter molecular forces definition

A

Weak force of attraction between molecules in a covalent structure

37
Q

Uses of nanoparticles
Dangers of nanoparticles

A

Sun creams, cosmetics, medicine, catalysts
Could absorb into skin or harm aquatic life

Chemistry (9 decks)

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