C3- Structure and bonding

Question 1

2 assumptions about particle model
2 key facts when we change the temp of the model

Answer 1

Solid spheres of identical size
No forces between particles
-Size and shape stays same
-Energy changes, faster if hotter

Question 2

3 limitations of the particle model

Answer 2

-Particles aren’t solid
-Particles aren’t spherical
-There are forces between the particles

Question 3

Solid particle model
spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

Answer 3

Closely packed
Strong forces between
Low energy
Vibrate about fixed positions
Can’t be compressed
Fixed shape

Question 4

Liquid particle model spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

Answer 4

Closely packed
Medium forces between
Medium energy
Can slide over each other
Can’t be compressed
Fills container bottom

Question 5

Gas particle model
spacing?
forces?
energy?
motion?
compression?
shape?

Answer 5

Spread out
Weak forces between
High energy
Free, random motion
Can be compressed
Fills whole container

Question 6

Metallic bonding Defintion

Answer 6

Strong force of attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons

Question 7

Metallic bonding
Structure

Answer 7

A giant lattice of metal ions with delocalised electrons

Question 8

Metallic bonding
Melting point

Answer 8

High melting point, strong electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons, takes high energy to break

Question 9

Metallic bonding
Electrical conductors

Answer 9

Good electrical conductors, delocalised electrons can carry charge through the lattice

Question 10

Metallic bonding
Thermal conductors

Answer 10

Good thermal conductors, delocalised electrons move through the lattice transferring thermal energy

Question 11

Alloy definition

Answer 11

A mixture of two or more elements, one of which is a metal

Question 12

Are alloys soft and why?

Answer 12

Alloys are harder than pure metals because of the irregular pattern of dif sized atoms

Question 13

Ionic bonding
Definition

Answer 13

The strong force of electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions

Question 14

Ionic bonding is between…

Answer 14

Metals and non-metals

Question 15

Ionic bonding
Structure

Answer 15

Giant lattice of cations and anions

Question 16

Ionic bonding
Melting point

Answer 16

High melting point, strong forces of attraction between ions of opposite charge, takes lots of energy to break

Question 17

Ionic bonding
Thermal conductors

Answer 17

Poor conductors, no free electrons

Question 18

Ionic bonding
Electrical conductors

Answer 18

Conducts electricity when dissolved or molten as the ions are free to move

Question 19

Covalent bonding
Definition

Answer 19

Strong electrostatic forces between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei

Question 20

Covalent bonding is between…

Answer 20

Non-metals

Question 21

Simple covalent bonding
Structure

Answer 21

Simple structure with a fixed number of two or more atoms joined together

Question 22

Simple covalent molecule
Bonding

Answer 22

Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules

Question 23

Simple covalent bonding
Melting point

Answer 23

Low melting point, weak intermolecular forces need little energy to overcome

Question 24

Simple covalent bonding
Electrical conductors

Answer 24

Do not conduct electricity, they have no free electrons

Question 25

Simple covalent bonding Thermal conductors

Answer 25

Poor conduction, they have no free electrons

Question 26

Giant covalent structure Structure

Answer 26

Giant structure with a variable number of atoms

Question 27

Diamond Structure? Melting point? Electrical conductor? Thermal conductor?

Answer 27

Giant 3d structure, each atom to 4 other carbon High melting point, strong covalent bonds Insulator, no free electrons Thermal conductor, through the layers

Question 28

Graphite Structure? Melting point? Electrical conductor? Thermal conductor?

Answer 28

Giant layers, each atom to 3 other carbon High melting point, strong covalent bonds Good conductor as has delocalised electrons

Question 29

Graphene Structure? Melting point? Electrical conductor? Thermal conductor?

Answer 29

Giant layer with each atom to 3 other carbon High melting, strong covalent bonds Good conductor as has delocalised electrons

Question 30

Fullerenes Structure? Melting point? Uses?

Answer 30

Simple hollow 3d molecules Variable, strong covalent in each shape, weak between shapes Carry drugs in body, as catalysts, as lubricants

Question 31

Nanoscience

Answer 31

The study of particles between 1-100nm in size

Question 32

Nanoparticle Diameter (nm)

Answer 32

1-100

Question 33

Fine particle Symbol Diameter(nm)

Answer 33

PM2.5 100-2500

Question 34

Coarse particle Symbol Diameter(nm)

Answer 34

PM10 2,500-10,000

Question 35

Why are nanoparticles more effective than materials in bulk?

Answer 35

They have a high surface area to volume ratio, so a higher percentage of atoms are exposed at the surface. So smaller quantities are needed.

Question 36

Dot and cross diagram Ads and dis

Answer 36

Ad- Clear where electrons come from Dis- Shows the electrons to be still

Question 37

Structural formula Ad & Dis

Answer 37

Ad- Shows the bonds between atoms Dis- Can't tell where electron came from

Question 38

Ball and stick diagram Ad and Dis

Answer 38

Ad- Shows ions as 3 dimensional Dis-Shows too much space

Question 39

Inter molecular forces definition

Answer 39

Weak force of attraction between molecules in a covalent structure

Question 40

Uses of nanoparticles Dangers of nanoparticles

Answer 40

Sun creams, cosmetics, medicine, catalysts Could absorb into skin and affect living cells or harm aquatic life