C10- Organic reactions Flashcards
Homologous series
Organic compounds in the same functional group, each member differs by CH2 e.g alkenes
Products of complete combustion of an alkene
Carbon dioxide and water
What is more reactive, alkanes or alkenes?
Why?
Where do the reactant molecules go?
Alkenes due to their double C bond
Reacting molecules join to the alkene across the double bond
Hydrogenation of alkenes
Reactant?
Conditions?
Creates?
Example?
H2
150 oc, Ni catalyst
Saturated hydrocarbon (alkane)
C2 H4 + H2 —> C2 H6
Halogenation of alkenes
Reactant?
Conditions?
Example?
I2, Br2, Cl2
Aqueous solution
C2 H4 + Br2 —> C2 H4 Br2
Hydration of alkenes
Reactant?
Conditions?
Creates?
Example?
H2O steam
High temp and pressure, catalyst
Alcohol
C2 H4 + H2O —> C2 H5 OH
Alcohols
Displayed formula is similar to ?
End in?
Alkane, remove H and add OH
-OH
Carboxylic acids
How to create the displayed formula?
End in?
Alkane, remove all H from end and add a double bond to O and an OH
-COOH
Esters
How to create the displayed formula?
End in?
Replace the H in carboxylic with a hydrocarbon
-COO-
Products of
ethanol + ethanoic acid
methanol + propanoic acid
ethyl ethanoate
methyl propanoate
3 Uses of alcohols
Ethanol in alcoholic drinks, solvents in perfumes, fuels
Combustion of alcohols
Key fact?
Flame?
Products?
Flammable
Creates a blue flame
Carbon dioxide, water
Natural way alcohols are made?
Word equation?
Reactant?
Catalyst?
Ad and dis?
Fermentation
Glucose–> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Glucose from plants
Yeast
Low temp, takes longer
Industry way alcohols are made?
Word equation?
Reactant and from where?
Catalyst?
Ad and dis?
Hydration of ethenes
Ethene + steam–> ethanol
Ethene from crude oil
Phosphoric acid
Takes shorter, high temp
Alcohol reaction with sodium
Forms?
Observations?
Methanol + sodium–>
Butanol + potassium–>
Forms hydrogen and salt
Fizzes, gets smaller
Sodium methoxide + hydrogen
Potassium butoxide + hydrogen
Oxidation of ethanol
Reactants?
Products?
Ethanol + acidified potassium dichromate
Ethanoic acid + water
2 key properties of carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate forms? and observation?
Soluble in water, weak acids
Salt, water, carbon dioxide, fizzes
Weak acid def?
An acid that partially ionises in solution to form H+ ions
Formula equation for ethanoic acid in solution?
Carboxylic acid reacting with metal carbonate compared to HCl?
CH3COOH⇌ CH3COO- + H+
Carboxylic has higher pH, lower conc of H+ ions, slower reaction with metal carbonate than strong acids
How to make esters equation
What are esters used for?
carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water
when using an acid catalyst
Perfumes and flavourings as they are fragrant
