C11- Polymers

Question 1

Monomers?
Polymers?

Answer 1

Small molecules used to create polymers
Huge molecules made up of monomers

Question 2

Naming polymers
Ethene monomers create the polymer…?
Propene monomers create the polymer…?

Answer 2

poly(ethene)
poly(propene)

Question 3

How are polymers created? (addition)
hint:
bonds?
made up of?
length?

Answer 3

Alkene molecules join together, the double covalent bond between C atoms opens up. Repeat units (monomers) join together with no fixed length

Question 4

Addition polymerisation

Answer 4

The joining of alkene monomers to form an addition polymer

Question 5

What can polymers be used for?

Answer 5

Plastics, clothing fibres

Question 6

Chemical equation for addition polymerisation

Answer 6

n ethene –> section of polymer in brackets w bonds through brackets n

Question 7

2 Differences between addition and condensation polymerisation?

Answer 7

Addition polymerisation: produces only an addition polymer; same alkene
Condensation polymerisation: produces a polymer and a small molecule given off; two dif monomers used

Question 8

How are polymers created? (condensation)
hint:
monomers?
functional group?
forms?

Answer 8

Uses two different monomers with certain functional groups at each end. The functional groups at each end react together to form a small molecule. Creating long polymer chains.

Question 9

Condensation polymerisation

Answer 9

The joining of different monomers to form a condensation polymer and a small molecule

Question 10

How to make a polyester
Word equation of forming a specific polyester?

Answer 10

Alcohol monomer (a diol) (-OH) and carboxylic acid monomer (a dicarboxylic acid) (-COOH)
Ethanediol + hexanedioic –> polyester + water

Question 11

Repeating unit of a condensation polymer

Answer 11

Smallest part of the chain that can be drawn over and over to form the polymer chain

Question 12

What are the monomers that make..
polysaccharide?
enzyme?
protein?
polynucleotide?
polyester?

Answer 12

glucose
amino acids
amino acids
nucleotide
diol and carboxylic acid

Question 13

What 2 equations do glucose monomers make?
What equation does amino acid monomers make?

Answer 13

glucose monomers–> starch polymers + water
glucose monomers–> cellulose polymers + water
amino acid monomers–> protein polymers + water

Question 14

Amino acids functional group?
What are they?
General formula for glycine?

Answer 14

2 functional groups
1. amine group NH2
2. carboxylic acid group COOH
H2N CH2 COOH

Question 15

How are polypeptides and proteins formed?
Formula?

Answer 15

The joining of amino acids during condensation polymerisation
n H2N CH2 COOH—> -(HN CH2 CO)-n + nH2O

Question 16

Difference between starch and cellulose?
Which has the stronger intermolecular forces and why?

Answer 16

Starch has a branched structure, cellulose forms straight chains, lined up side by side
Cellulose polymers as they have larger contact areas

Question 17

What is DNA simply?

Answer 17

Large molecule essential for life, codes genetic instructions

Question 18

How is DNA formed?
What are the products?

Answer 18

The condensation polymerisation of nucleotide monomers. Produces DNA and water

Question 19

Structure of DNA
How are the chains linked together?

Answer 19

Two polymer chains, made of four different monomers (nucleotides). Creates a double helix. Intermolecular forces between polymer chains