C2 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

Ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic.

Question 2

What are polynucleotides?

Answer 2

Macromolecules that exists as polymers.

Question 3

What is polynucleotides made of?

Answer 3

Made up of nucleotide monomers which are joined by phosphodiester linkages.

Question 4

What are nucleotides consists of ?

Answer 4

1. Nitrogenous bases.
2. Pentose sugar.
3. Phosphate group.

Question 5

What are nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

Consists of rings of carbon and nitrogen.

Question 6

Two types of nitrogenous bases.

Answer 6

1. Pyrimidines.
2. Purines.

Question 7

Describes uracil ring structure.

Answer 7

1. NH at carbon 1.
2. NH at carbon 3.
3. C=O at carbon 2 and 4.
4. CH=CH at the last two carbons.

Question 8

Describes thymine ring structure.

Answer 8

1. NH at carbon 1.
2. NH at carbon 3.
3. CH3 attached to carbon 5.
4. C=O at carbon 2 and 4.

Question 9

Describes cytosine ring structure.

Answer 9

1. NH at carbon 1.
2. C=O at carbon 2.
3. NH2 attached to carbon 4.
4. Only N at carbon 3.
5. CH at the last two carbons.

Question 10

What does purine have?

Answer 10

6-membered ring fused to a 5-membered ring. Adenine and guanine.

Question 11

Difference between adenine and guanine in the form of structure.

Answer 11

Adenine have NH2 at 6th carbon and no C=O bond. Guanine have NH2 at 2nd carbon and a C=O bond.

Question 12

Name the pentose sugar in RNA and DNA.

Answer 12

RNA : Ribose sugar.
DNA : Deoxyribose sugar.

Question 13

Difference between the pentose sugar in RNA and DNA.

Answer 13

Deoxyribose lacks O atom at carbon 2.