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rs > Buddhism - moral conduct (5 precepts, 6 perfections and ahimsa) > Flashcards

Buddhism - moral conduct (5 precepts, 6 perfections and ahimsa) Flashcards

1
Q

5 precepts

A
  • part of monastic code
  • ritual cleansing
  • middle way
  • +ve and practical
  • thanissaro bhikkhu: ‘formulated in such a way that they proved just a set of standards’
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2
Q

what are the 5 precepts

A
  • ahimsa
  • do not take what is not freely given
  • no sexual misconduct
  • no false speech
  • no intoxicants
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3
Q

ahimsa

monks and alms rounds

A
  • loving kindness: all beings connected by sharing life, developing an attitude of loving kindness (metta), increasing happiness –> mindfulness
  • non violence to all living things
  • ideally should be veggie but not in practice for all
  • bhikkus: eat what lay buddhists give them –> wasteful and ungrateful not to eat meat
  • against violent, aggressive or harmful behaviour
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4
Q

do not take what is not freely given

A
  • stealing, exploitation –> attitude of taking what belongs to others (disrespect)
  • generosity: attitude of wanting others to succeed –> popularity, good rebirth, reputation, self confidence
  • jealousy is damaging, can lead to ruthlessness
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5
Q

no sexual misconduct

A
  • overindulgence, some are celibate for no distractions in spiritual path
  • no strict rules to express sexuality, causing harm/taking advantage
  • in control of life and being controlled by desires + attatchment
  • sex is good responsible and loyal relationships
  • applied to friendships too
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6
Q

no false speech

genuinety

A
  • -ve, lying, slandering, gossiping, harsh speaking, unfair
  • honesty, pretending vs being yourself
  • cultivating helpful, gentle and kindly speech
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7
Q

no intoxicants

A
  • meditation are more effective and less harmful than intoxicants to recreationally
  • drink and drugs are harmful due to effects (other 4 broken)
  • bud: must stay ‘awake’, clouds mind, mindfulness, meditation, awareness
  • intention: kamma, sound mind, no diminished responsibility
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8
Q

mahayana 6 perfections

A
  • ‘awakening mind’
  • working towards buddhahood
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9
Q

what are the 6 perfections

A
  • perfect giving, dana
  • perfect morality, sila
  • perfect patience, kshanti
  • perfect vigor, virya
  • perfect meditation, samadhi
  • perfect wisdom, prajna
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10
Q

perfect giving

concerning wisdom and enlightenment

A
  • M: helping others to enlightenment
  • generosity, renounce attatchment to the material, immaterial (knowledge, dhamma) –> giving emotionally
  • helps improve understanding, wisdom gained
  • without expectation, removes ego and attatchment
  • bodhisattva: no attachment to giving
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11
Q

perfect morality

doing good until it is a natural activity

A
  • 5 precepts, keeps harmony, obtain good fruit
  • trying to be a moral agent until it is natural
  • honesty in actions, predisposition to do good –> immaculate stage, perf morality
  • free of impurities
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12
Q

perfect patience (noble truth, meditation, bodhis)

A
  • accepting the first noble truth, dukkha, helps them develop this quality
  • perfection of patience aided by meditation on loving kindness (metta), compassion (karuna), fortitude
  • provides emotional basis for good intention required for ethical action
  • key to enlightenment journey, Bodhis employ patience in their lives
  • meditation requiring patience: takes time to know how to focus
  • thoughtful behaviour, individual ability and needs
  • patience with yourself –> knowing limitations
  • overcome anger, impatience, intolerance –> disturb state of mind
  • patience allows us to help others get better = key for bodhis
  • endure personal hardship + accept difficult truths about yourself + the truth of the illusory nature of our existence
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13
Q

perfect vigor

A
  • inflammation stage, consume all remains of ignorance and craving
  • actions need a lasting effect
  • energy towards doing good, guided by meditation
  • stage where someone may be ordained and taking 8FP more seriously
  • symbol = dwarf
  • love and kindness to all
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14
Q

perfect meditation

clarity and insight

A
  • cultivate the mind, concentrations for clarity and insight
  • meditations is important, can recognise important things, perfect M=perfect wisdom
  • samatha: tranquility, concentration
  • vipassana: insight, contemplating perspective –> mental orientation, plight of others suffering and lives
  • overcome destructive habits, long lost home found in meditation
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15
Q

perfect wisdom

link with right view

A
  • see fabric of existence and see its nature
  • insight, can reflect others on other’s plight and become bodhisattvas
  • nothing is permanent, life is suffering
  • all beings can have it if practices are observed
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16
Q

ahimsa concerning ethical actions

why do people follow the precept of ahimsa

A
  • non violence to all living things, first precept
  • hindu, jain, dharmic –> how can one cause suffering and be happy?
  • anatta –> no sense of self, interconnectedness, why would you harm something else if you are one?
  • mental state, peaceful people = peaceful actions
  • dhammapada: ‘by not harming living beings one is called noble’
  • nalaka sutta: ‘as I am, so are these…never kill or get others to kill’
17
Q

ahimsa with embryos, abortion and experimentation

A
  • life starts at conception –> but some believe that since there is no consciousness there is no life
  • bhikkus: serious offense for them as it bring negative karma and is morally harmful
  • about intention and situation
  • B leaders dont get involved in public demonstrations
  • damien keown and michael barnhart: not all life is equal in value, emb isnt a karmically advanced human
  • japan: legal but a sense of shame and guily in society, mut go to shrine of jizo bosatsu
  • sri lanka and thailand, saving mothers life/rape are exceptions –> trad values vs backstreet abortions
  • dalai lama ‘approved or disproved according to each circumstance
  • peter harvey –> ‘relieving as much human suffering in all stages)
18
Q

ahimsa and war (why is there war, M vs T, different countries approach to peace, just war + examples, contemporary challenges and responses, quote)

A
  • conflict = hearts and minds of individuals
  • acted up on and institutionalised by society and laws
  • greed, hatred and attatchment to country (nationalism) is encouraged by war
  • ‘he who was given up thoughts of both victory and defeat, he is calm and lives happily’ dhammapada
  • criticisms of a nation are due to individuals not the entire nation
  • national and ethnic conflict: greed hatred,ignorance, egotisim
  • M: intention to care for other beings and unselfish reasons then no bad karma from war
  • T: killing is never ok and can lead to serious karmic consequences
  • nuclear war: B advocate for peace
  • contemporary challenges: WOMD, violence multiplied, long term environmental impact, arms trading is innapropriate
  • hiroshima and nagasaki bombing –> japanese buddhists active in peace movements
  • interfaith peace pagodas –> belief that young peoples race and religion divides them
  • B and terrorism: understand issues, compassion
  • just war: B have used it in self defense, but in T no theory as monks dont get involved in politics
  • sinhalese king Dutugamunu –> monks disrobed and joined army to defeat tamils
  • freedom and national independence is essential for Bs –> aim is for pacifism but methods doesnt matter
19
Q

ahimsa and animals

A
  • no difference between a human and an animal
  • universal compassion towards all species without discrimination
  • buddha: saved sheep from sacrificial slaughter, T follow actions
  • animals exist in a real that causes them to suffer more than humans
  • veggie: admired but not strict
  • monks can eat meat if offered bc no waste
  • fishing allowed (Japan main food source)
  • tibetans: kill less eat more, himalayas too harsh for crops
  • animal hierarchy: killing large means more bad karma, contradicts equality
  • livelihood: butchers, slaughterer, hunters
  • fishermen allowed
  • any job that isnt avoided in the 8FP
  • killing animals is bad karma to self due to anatta (interconnectedness, no fixed self)
  • experimentation: compassionate to help humans but bad karma due to killing
20
Q

ahimsa and conception and reproduction

A
  • conception: individual freedom and choice
  • responsibility for having children is theirs, no coercion from state
  • freedom: should be in harmony with ahimsa
  • motives should have justified reason
  • reproduction: fertility treatment shows compassion
  • IVF, designer baby
  • surrogacy: ahimsa, destroyed embryos which are alive from conception –> also depends on whether paid or free
  • part of their karmic rebirth that they cant conceive

rs (40 decks)

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