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buddhism - good conduct (8 fold path) Flashcards

1
Q

basis of buddhist ethics

A
  • ‘cease to do evil, learn to do good, purify the mind, this is the teaching of all the buddhas’ Dhammapada
  • right thought/understanding = right action
  • skilled mind, kusala, skillful actions
  • the middle way: materialistic
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2
Q

dharma

A
  • universal law that governs the physical and moral orders
  • not under the control of a supreme being
  • buddha did not create the dharma but understood it
  • natural order + ethics –> religious teachings
  • like natural moral law, understanding the natural order
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3
Q

3 refuges in buddhism

A
  • buddha
  • dharma
  • sangha
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4
Q

8 fold path and sila

A

way of wisdom
- right view
- right intention

way of morality
- right of speech
- right action
- right livelihood
- ‘do not do any evil cultivate good, purify your mind’ –> acting with metta and karma at the core, helps community (loving kindness and compassion)

way of mediation
- right effort
- right mindfulness
- right concentration

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5
Q

5 precepts, M/T, and exceptions

A
  • no fixed absolutes
  • monastic and lay buddhist should cultivate good conduct
  • if broken should examine how breach occured and should correct
  • M, bodhisattva: strictly veg, first precepts
  • follow 5 P like the law but can interpret as theory and guidline
  • Theravada: on holy days
  • no food at inappropriate times
  • no dancing, singing, music, entertainment
  • no luxurious beds
  • arms rand: lay people give food to monasteries and cannot accept it even if it has meat
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6
Q

T and who can become enlightened

A
  • cannot become enlightened if not a monk/nun
  • bhikkhu = monk and bhikkhuni = bun
  • less karma to nuns than monks, more rules (311/227), vinaya pataka
  • different moral conduct for lay people and monastic community
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7
Q

virtues in buddhism

A
  • not just following precepts and rules
  • correct habits and natural spontaneous responses
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8
Q

cardinal virtues in buddhism vs the roots of evil

A
  • araga: non attatchment, no selfish desire
  • adosa: benevolence, good will for all
  • amoha: understanding, human knowledge and human good/ 4 noble truths
  • virtues counteract the negative
  • early community no rules: change with enlightenment

roots of evil,3 fires
- raga, greed
- dosa, hatred
- moha, delusion

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9
Q

kusala/akusala

A
  • kusala: skillful/good actions
  • lead to a higher state, ordinary man to perfect human being
  • morally healthy mind informed by wisdom
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10
Q

what is hiri, metta and karuna

A
  • hiri: guilt leading to self responsibility –> clouds judgement, cannot move on in the future
  • metta: loving kindness
  • karuna: compassion
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11
Q

why is moral conduct important in buddhism

karma and meditation

A
  • good karma: rebirth and enlightenment in a better life with karmic merit
  • meditation: guilt and remorse impacts it, cannot have a clear mind, clear conscience and process emotions needed
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12
Q

emperor ashoka

A
  • remorse for suffering as a conqueror
  • banned animal killing and told subjects to lead a kind/tolerant life
  • recommended that all religions desist from self praise and condemning others
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13
Q

belief about the longevity

A
  • human life preserved by dignity and freedom
  • even if buddhism dies out, peoples love and kindness will cause it to be reborn
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14
Q

free will

A
  • libertarianism: still dictates by N laws
  • soft determinism, middle way
  • hard determinism, no freedom, scientific (genetic), fatalism
  • freedom is to make choices not decided by outside forces
  • determining factors and varieties of opinion
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15
Q

BA Wallace –> Buddhism and free will

A
  • rejected indeterministic views and deterministic views of the day
  • rejects determinism as it supports inaction as life is not due to pure chance
  • proposed to devote yourself to freedom from suffering without knowing whether you can exercise freedom
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16
Q

karma and free will (why does karma prove we have free will)

A
  • ‘all phenomena are preceded by the mind, issue forth from the mind and consist of the mind’
  • equates volition and karma
  • having sound mind = heavier moral consequence
  • karma comes from thoughts and actions and intention –> must have free will if you have karma, can take responsibility for own actions and do better
17
Q

does karma mean we have true free will?

A

‘karma determines (past actions) but to determine fairly you must have free will for actions that determine karma’
- humans are not totally free due to mental afflictions (craving, hostility, delusion) –< can free ourself of these afflictions through spiritual practice
- no need to debate freedom: impacts actions/behaviours to achieve enlightenment –> increases happiness for all
- soft determinism

18
Q

what is the 8 fold path

A
  • foundation of spiritual path, freedom from remorse, prerequisite for meditation and wisdom
  • in accordance with dharma, no rules clinging (no attatchment)
  • right speech, action and livelihood are in accordance with virtue ethics of aristotle –> no fixed absolutes in morality but only guidance given for a moral issue (sila)
  • about living the good life for the benefit of all beings
19
Q

8 parts of the 8 fold path

A
  • right view
  • right intention
  • right speech
  • right action
  • right livelihood
  • right effort
  • right mindfulness
  • right concentration
20
Q

right view

beginning on embarking on the 8 fold path

A
  • samma ditthi
  • awareness of the reality of life
  • buddha: understanding of suffering origin/extinction and the path that leads to extinction
  • involves deeper appreciation of wider implications of these realities in association with the other B teachings such as 3 characteristics of being, conditioned arising and the skandhas
21
Q

right intention

selflessness and detatchment

A
  • samma sankappa
  • directed thought and intention
  • thinking only pure wholesome and positive thoughts
  • produces a quality of conciousness that is unimpeded by obstructions
  • link to karma –> intentions generate actions
  • such thoughts aim to be purely selfless, devoid of attachment and full of compassion
22
Q

right speech

A
  • samma vaca
  • involves truth and polite speech
  • discourages lying or exaggerating and also cruelty to others through language
  • very broad –> can mean to be silent at the right time
  • promotes purposeful, meaningful speech, conducive to spiritual development
  • power of language, sound and speech is particularly important in indian philosophy and is often viewed to be on its own separate plane of existence with the ability to influence and manipulate the physical world
  • crucial for B: morality and chanting practices and the power of sacred words
23
Q

right action

ahimsa + precepts, links with 8FP, what does this lead to (karmic impact

A
  • samma kammanta
  • kusala/akusala/metta
  • a person will not harm others in any way by violence or theft (ahimsa)b
  • extends to a general awareness of others and encourages dana (giving) as a form of selflessness
  • sexual misconduct is to be avoided
  • under right intention: having a pure mind
  • right action promotes a good, moral life that initiates honorable, peaceful and beneficial conduct for others and for oneself (karmic impact)
24
Q

why would a buddhist perform good actions

A
  • anatta: benefit for all, working for others = working for self
  • always good, no harm to others
  • karma is good = good lives, can reach enlightenment
  • cultivating qualities and attitudes that encouraging positive relationships with people and loving them
  • metta (kindness) and karuna (compassion) + paramitas (6 perf, M)
  • following guidelines to behave and create positive karma
  • 5 precepts
25
Q

right livelihood

A
  • samma ajiva
  • making a living that benefits others and that does not involve any harm
  • relates to buddhist teachings
  • 5 looked down upon (inauspicious) –> poison, human, weapon, flesh and intoxicating substance trading
  • links with karma and ahimsa
26
Q

right effort

disciplined actions and thoughts

A
  • samma vayana
  • means a person is determined to avoid unwholesome or evil things
  • linked to the second part of the path –> discipline is needed to avoid unwholesome or unskilful states of mind
  • enables both stimulation and cultivation of pure, wholesome states of mind
  • discipline underlined here is reinforced by moral precepts and a monastic lifestyle
27
Q

right mindfulness

conciousness of actions

A
  • samma sati
  • fully aware of ones motives and reasons for doing something
  • saddhatissa: ‘gradually extending one’s awareness until every action, thought and word is performed in the full light of conciousness’
  • in meditation, foundations of mindfulness –> form, feelings and mental constructions
28
Q

right concentration

meditation and understanding

A
  • samma samadhi
  • focusing the mind in meditation
  • complete detachment from the unwholesome states and an immersion into the four jhanas or absorbtions of meditation
  • the ideal standard set by the buddha (middle way)
  • higher state of awareness and understanding
  • monastic life nurtures this and concentration refers directly to buddhist meditation

rs (34 decks)

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