Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What’s in the forebrain

A

Cerebral hemisphere

Diencephalon

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2
Q

What’s in the hindbrain

A

Pons
Medullar
Cerebellum

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3
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the pons/brainstem

A

Cerebellum is connected to brainstem by 3 cerebellar peduncle ( white fibre tracts)

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4
Q

How many of the cranial nerve nuclei are in the brainstem

A

9 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves -3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12

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5
Q

What does the internal structure of the brain contain (posterior to anterior)

A

Tectum ( roof) - contains half of the ventricular system
Tegmentum - contains half of the ventricular system
Base

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6
Q

Pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin

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7
Q

Function of the superior colliculus

A

Structure in the midbrain that is part of the brain circuit responsible for the transformation of sensory input into movement output

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8
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculus

A

Part of the midbrain that serves as a main auditory centre for the body

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9
Q

What do the cerebral peduncle do

A

Take voluntary information from the motor cortex to the LMN of the brainstem / spinal cord

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10
Q

What nerves emerge at the midbrain level

A

3 and 4

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11
Q

Which tracts descend along the cerebral peduncle

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar

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12
Q

Which nerves emerge at the level of the pons

A

Cranial nerves 5,6,7 and 8

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13
Q

What nerves emerge at the level of the medulla

A

9,10 and 12

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14
Q

What is the difference between the open and closed medulla

A

It is called closed medulla as the fourth ventricle has his closed down in the lower medulla and formed the central canal while the upper medulla is called open as there is no such roof to the fourth ventricle as the cerebellum would be sitting posterior to it

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15
Q

The medulla is the rostral continuation of the

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

Anterior surface of the medulla has the

A

Pyramids ( descending tracts)

17
Q

Posterior surface of the medulla has the

A

Dorsal columns . Posterior surface is divided into open and closed.

18
Q

What 2 arterial systems does the CNS blood supply form from

A

Anterior and posterior

19
Q

Anterior blood supply is derived from which vessels

A

Internal carotid system ( most of the cerebral hemisphere) - Circle of Willis

20
Q

Posterior blood supply is derived from which vessels ?

A

Vertebrobasillar - Brainstem

21
Q

General somatic afferent nerves ( GSA)

A

Fibres carry general sensation from the skin, muscles, joints of the head and neck

22
Q

General somatic efferent ( GSE)

A

Fibres that innervate the skeletal muscles

23
Q

General visceral afferent ( GVA)

A

Fibres that carry sensation from viscera of head, neck m thorax and abdomen

24
Q

General visceral efferent ( GVE)

A

Fibres that are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurone to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera

25
Q

Special somatic afferent ( SSA)

A

Fibres that carry special senses of hearing and balance

26
Q

Special visceral afferent ( SVA)

A

Fibres that carry taste sensation

27
Q

Special Visceral efferent ( SVE)

A

Innervate skeletal muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx

28
Q

Posterior aspect of the midbrain has the

A

Pineal gland, colliculus, dorsal columns

29
Q

Anterior aspect of the midbrain has the

A

Mammillary bodies, cerebral peduncle and medullary pyramids