Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B > Bone And Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Bone And Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

A point where 2 separate bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MSk system is made up of what

A

Bone
Muscle
Connective tissue ( tendon , ligaments, cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones in adults

A

206 and sesamoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones in children

A

270

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Appendicular Skelton

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper and lower limbs
Pelvic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Cranium
Vertebral column
Rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of skeleton

A 
Support
Protect vital organs
Movement - works with muscles
Mineral storage ( stores calcium and phosphate)
Produces blood cells ( bone marrow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do flat bones develop 8n uterine

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do long bones develop in utero

A

Endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flat bones

A

Skull
Clavicle
Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Process of untramembranous ossification ( mesenchymal to bone )

A

Mesenchymal cells condense
Osteogenesic precursor cells prolif
Precursor cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts form ossification centres and begin to secrete Osteoid
( trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes)

Osteoid become mineralised
Trabecular matrix and periosteum forms
Compact bone develops superficial to cancellous bone
Crowded blood vessels condense into red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Mesenchymal cells aggregate
Formation of cartilage model
Bone collar and primary ossification centre in diaphysis develop
Fuormation of marrow cavity
Epiphyseal cartilage comenses ossification
Ossification of lower epiphyseal plate commences
Disappearance of epiphyseal cartilage - cessation of bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which form on embryo logical bone growth takes longer

A

Endochondral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are bones made up of

A

Cells and matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteogenic

A

Bone stem cell

Found in deep layers of periosteum ( outer part of bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming
Secrets Osteoid
Catalyse mineralisation of Osteoid

Growing portions of bone , including periosteum and endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone breaking
Dissolve and resorb bone by phagocytosis
Found at bone surfaces and at sites of old , injured or unneeded bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cell
Formed when an osteoblasts becomes imbedded in the secretions
Sense mechanical strain to direct osteoclast and osteoblasts activity

Found in matrix

20
Q

Which type of bone cell forms the majority of bone

A

Osteocyte

21
Q

Bone matrix contents

A

Organic ( type 1 collagen and ground substance )

Inorganic ( calcium hydroxyapatite and osteocalcium phosphate)

22
Q

What does ground substance made up off

A

Proteiglycans
Glycoproteins
Cytokines and growth factors

23
Q

Two types of mature bone

A

Cortical

Cancellous

24
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact and dense

Suitable for weight bearing - normally on outside

25
Q

Cancellous

A

Spongy like honeycomb structure and not suitable for weight baring - has lots of air
Normally found on inside of bone

26
Q

Osteon

A

A compact/ cortical bone contains Osteoid

27
Q

Structure of osteon

A

Few spaces
Provides protection , support and resists stresses produced by weight of movement

Concentric lamellae around the Haversian canal

28
Q

Haversian canal

A

Contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic

29
Q

Lacunae

A

Small spaces containing osteocytes
Tiny vanalicullitqdiqte from lacunae filled with extra cellular fluid
Folks and canal - transverse perforating canals

30
Q

Two types of bone growth

A

Interstitial

Appositional

31
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth of long bones

Increased length

32
Q

Appositional growth

A

Healing bones after fracture

Increase thickness and diameter

33
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Happens at physeal plate
Zone of elongation in lone bone
Contains hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal side- hyaline cartilage active and dividing to form hyaline cartilage matrix
Diaphyseal side - cartilage calcifies and dies and then replaced by bone

34
Q

Appositional growth

A

Deposition of bone beneath the periosteum to increase thickness
1) ridges in periosteum create groove for periosteal blood vessels
2) periosteal ridges fuse, forming an endosteum lined tunnel
3) osteoblasts in endosteum build new concentric lamellae inward toward center of tunnel forming a new osteon
Bone grows outwards as osteoblasts in periosteum build new circumferential lamellae
Osteon formation repeats as new periosteal ridges fold over blood vessel

35
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndrsmosis
Interosseaous membrane

36
Q

Cartiag8nous joints

A

Synchondroses e.f. Spine

Symphses eg. Pubic

37
Q

Synovial joints

A 
Plane
Hinge
Condyloid
Pivot
Saddle
Ball and socket
38
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Multi axphyseal joint as the bone can move in all 3 planes , x , y and z
Synovial

39
Q

Hinge joint

A

Joint only moves in one plane - e.g. elbow

Synovial

40
Q

Knee joint

A

Modified hinge joint

Primary movement is flex ion and extension but can ,I’ve in other planes like callus and varies and external rotation

Synovial

41
Q

Why is the knee a synovial joint

A

Does have cartilage but cartilage is incomplete and doesn’t produce the junction in between bones and just reduces pressure between bones by increasing SA

42
Q

Synovial joints

A

Most common
Most mobile

Joint capsule ; articulated capsule ( outer) keeps bones together structurally 
Synovial membrane ( inner) contains synovial fluid which reduces friction during movement
43
Q

How are synovial joints stabilised

A

Muscles/tendons
Ligaments
Bone surface congruity

44
Q

Ligaments and joint stability

A

Ligaments prevent excessive moveemnt that could damage joint
More ligament and together ligaments - greater stability but less mobility
Less ligaments and laxer ligaments - greater mobility and less stability

45
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinators
Infraspinatos
Sub scapular is
Teres minor

B (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions