Botanicals integumentary system Flashcards
How many botanicals are there in the integumentary system? Can you name them?
There are 10. Aesculus hippocastanum Calendula officinalis Cineraria maritima Euphrasia officinalis Hamamelis virginiana Salvia officinalis Sambucus canadensis Symphytum officinale Trifolium pratense Vaccinium myrtillus
What are the constituents for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
Glycoside lactones (flavones), saponins
What are the actions for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
Astringent, vasoconstrictive, veno-tonic, anti-inflammatory, mild expectorant
What are the indications for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
Topical: hemorrhoids, pruritis ani; varicose veins, nocturnal leg swelling
Internal: venous insufficiency, DVT, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, edema, chronic prostatitis
What are the side effects for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
Nausea, unprocessed fruit is highly toxic. IM injections may cause hepatitis and/or renal failure
CI for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
high doses
interactions for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut)
N/a
What are the constituents for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
Flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, resin, polysaccharides, tannins
Pharmacology for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
Calendula promotes the formation of granulation tissue which is an important step in reepithelization and healing of wounds. It is hypothesized that it increases glycoprotein, nucleoprotein and collagen metabolism at wound sites
Actions for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
Vulnerary, antiseptic
Indications for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
Internal: gastric ulcers
External: Skin traumas: ulcers, cuts, scrapes, burns, acen, perineal lacerations during delivery
surgical wounds (irrigate BID/TID)
Gingivitis, oral ulcers (gargle)
Varicose veins
side effects for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
If used excessively, it may cause redness to the skin and a burning sensation
CI for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
Topically on deep wounds, allergy to the Asteraceae family
Interactions for Calendula officinalis (Marigold, Calendula)
N/A
what are the constituents for Cineraria maritima (Dusty miller)
Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones
Actions for Cineraria maritima (dusty miller)
Anti-cataract
Indications for Cineraria maritima (dusty miller)
Topical application for cataracts
Side effects of Cineraria maritima (dusty miller)
potentially nausea, hepato veno occlusive disease (HVOD), heaptic failure, death
CI for Cineraria maritima (dusty miller)
Internal use, use over broken skin, pregnancy, lactation, allergy to Asteraceae family
Interactions with Cineraria maritima (dusty miller)
Synergistic with hepatotoxic drugs
Constituents for Euphrasia officinalis (Eyebright)
Iridoid glycosides, favonoids, volatile oils, tannins
actions for Euphrasia officinalis (Eyebright)
anti-inflammatory, anti-catarrhal (removes mucus), astringent, vasoconstrictor
Indications for anti-catarrhal
Ophthalmias (inflammation of the eye), allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, sinusitis, blepharitis, hordeolum (sty), eye trauma
Side effects for Euphrasia officinalis (eyebright)
N/A
CI for Euphrasia officinalis (eyebright)
n/a
Interactions for Euphrasia officinalis (eyebright)
n/a
What are the constituents for Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Tannins (hamamelitannins), flavonoids (quercetin, astragalin); volatile oil; saponins; resin
Pharmacology of Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Tannins precipitate proteins, tighten superficial cells (reduces inflammation and edema, shrinks the colloidal structures which causes capillary constriction)
Actions fro Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Astringent, anti-inflammatory and local hemostatic effect
Indications for Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Easiest to use astringent for external use. Witch hazel may be applied in all areas of bleeding, internal or external. Valuable for easing symptoms of hemorrhoids, bruises, inflamed swelling, and varicose veins. Witch hazel has been used to control diarrhea and dysentery. It can be used for sore throats, tonsillitis, acute catarrh.
Side effects Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
The tannin content can lead to digestive complaints. High doses of tannins have been shown to increase risk of esophageal and liver cancers (tea drinkers drinking 15 to 20 cups of tea a day).
CI for Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Use common sense of whether or not it should be used during diarrhea
Interactions for Hamamelis virginiana (Witch hazel)
Tannins reduce drug absorption when taken simultaneously
Constituents for Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
Monoterpenoids, tannins, volatile oils: camphor, thujone, cineole, borneol
Actions for Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
Antimicrobials, anti-secetory, astringent, anti-inflammatory, carminitive
Indications for Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
Due to the soothing actions of its volatile oil on mucus membranes, it can be used for inflammation of the mouth, throat and tonsils. Used internally as a mouthwash to treat gingivitis, glossitis, and stomatitis, also a gargle for aphthous ulcers, laryngitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. As a compress, it can be used to promote wound healing. Taken internally, it is a carminative for dyspepsia. Maybe used to less than the production of breastmilk.
side effect of Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
Thujone in toxic doses causes restlessness, tremor, hot flashes, convulsions and dizziness.
Thujone: emmenagogue, abortifacient, convulsions
CI for Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
Large doses due to thujone content. Red sage stimulates the muscles of the uterus and should be avoided during pregnancy, Do not use during lactation.
Interactions for Salvia officinalis (Sage, Garden sage, red sage)
N/A
Constituents for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
Flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins
Actions for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
Flower: Diaphoretic, anti-catarrhal, anti-spasmodic
Leaf: Diuretic, diaphoretic (internal), expectorant, emollient, vulnerary (external)
Berry: Diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative, anti-rheumatic
Indications for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
Flower: colds and influenza as it has demonstrated anti-viral properties. Indicated for any catarrhal inflammation of the upper respirator tract (hay fever, sinusitis).
Leaf: Used topically for bruises, sprains, wounds
Berry: Rheumatism
S/e’s for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
N/A
CI for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
High fever
Interactions for Sambucus nigra (Elderberry)
n/a
Constituents for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Allantoin, polysaccharides, unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, tannins, mucilage
Actions for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Demulcent, relaxing expectorant, vulnerary, astringent
Pharmacology for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Allantoin stimulates cell proliferation which supports would healing, both internally and externally. The demulcent mucilage makes it ideal for gastric and duodenal ulcers and ulcerative colitis. The astringent property makes it useful for hemorrhages.
Indications for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Topical: wounds, dermatitis, osseous fractures, ulcers, bruises, gingivitis, mastitis
Internal: dry cough, hemoptysis, inflammation of the lungs and GI tract, UTI, dysentery, GU bleed
S/e’s for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Nausea, hepato veno-occlusive disease (HVOD), hepatic failure
CI for Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
Not approved for use in Canada for internal use due to the unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (UPA) which are hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Limit UPA intake to 100mcg/year, for a maximum of 4-6 weeks per year. Note saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are considered to be safe (Tussilago farfara, Inula helenium, Echinacea purpurea).
Constituents for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
Isoflavones, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, coumarins
Actions for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
Alterative, expectorant, anti-spasmodic, anti-tumor
Indications for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
Childhood eczema, psoriasis and other chronic skin conditions (topical). Its expectorant and anti-spasmodic actions is good for coughs, bronchitis and whooping cough. Cancerous growths (topical).
S/e’s for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
Contact dermatitis
CI for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
Estrogen sensitive breast cancers (recently disproven), bleeding disorders
Interactions for Trifolium pratense (Red clover)
May potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin)
Constituents of Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Leaf: Flavones, hydroquinone, tannic acid
Fruit: Anthocyanidins (malvidin, petunidin, myrtillin) flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, tannic acid
Pharmacology for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Anthocyandidns: Reduces vascular permeability and re-distributes microvascular blood flow in the retina. Decreases capillary leakage and permeability which assists with changes in circulation.
Hydroquinone: Antiseptic properties in the kidney, but long-term use can cause kidney damage
Myrtillin- insulin like effect but weaker than insulin
Actions for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Antioxidant, venotonic, anti-diarrhea, nutrient, astringent, hypoglycemic
Indications for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Leaf: Acute or chronic dysentery, cystitis, diabetes mellitus, External uses: burns, skin disease, inflammation of oral mucosa
Fruit: Diarrhea, early myopia, retinopathies, inflammation of the mouth and pharynx, varicose veins
S/e’s for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Diarrhea, long-term use of leaf may cause damage to the liver and kidneys due to the hydroquinone content.
CI for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
Not to be used during pregnancy and lactation
Interactions for Vaccinium myrtillus (Billberry, blueberry)
May potentiate insulin and hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone)
tannins may reduce drug absorption when taken simultaneously
