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NPLEX2 Botanicals > Botanicals immune system > Flashcards

Botanicals immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of botanicals for the immune system. How many botanical are there? Can you name them?

A

26 Botanicals in all

Infection:

  1. Artemisia annua
  2. Baptisia tinctoria
  3. Cinnamomum cassia
  4. Commiphora myrrha
  5. Cordiceps sinensis
  6. Hypericum perforatum
  7. Larrea tridentate
  8. Ligusticum porteri
  9. Lomatium dissectum
  10. Melaleuca alternifolia
  11. Oleo europaea
  12. Usnea barbata

Adaptogen:

  1. Astragulus membranaceus
  2. Echinacea pallida, purpurea
  3. Eleutherococcus senticosus
  4. Ganderna lucidum
  5. Glycyrrhiza glabra
  6. Ligustrum lucidum
  7. Panax ginseng
  8. Panax quinquefolius
  9. Schisandra chinensis
  10. Withania somnifera

Lymph

  1. Ceanothus americanus
  2. Galium aparine
  3. Iris versicolor
  4. Phytolacca americana
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2
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) constituents

A

Sesquiterpene lactones, volatile oils

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3
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) actions

A

Anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, anti-neoplastic, bitter

Art’s mom, Anna, is pretty bitter!! Who gets malaria, worms and cancer at the same time? (indications & actions: Bitter, antimicrobrial, antiparasitic, antineoplastic). Good thing she’s iron tough!! (Combine with iron for optimal efficiency)

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4
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) Indicatons

A

Malaria, parasitic infection, cancer- leukemia and colon cancer

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5
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) s/e

A

May cause allergies or contact dermatitis

Think of ring worm rash for contact dermatitis and allergy

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6
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) CI

A

Potentially pregnancy and lactation; allergy to Astraceae family

Art’s mom, Anna, is pretty bitter. Who gets malaria, worms and cancer all at the same time? Good thing she is iron tough and NOt pregnant (CI).

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7
Q

Artemisia annua (annual wormwood) interactions

A

Combine with iron for optimal efficiency

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8
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) Constituents

A

Water – soluble polysaccharide: arabinogalactans. Glycoproteins. Quinolizidine alkaloids: cystein, sparteine. Isoflavonoids. Hydroxycoumarins: scopoletine

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9
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) pharmacology

A

Ethanol extract has significant positive effect on the phagocytosis of human erythrocytes. That has been found to raise the leukocyte count and to improve the endogenous defense reaction. An animal experimentation, polysaccharide and glycoprotein fraction demonstrated immune stimulating effect. Changes in mice showed an increase of phagocytosis activity of Kupffer’s cells, significant, dose dependent stimulation of lymphocytes and release of interleukin – one macrophages. Antiviral effects have been shown when used in combination with echinacea and thuja.

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10
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) Actions

A

Immune stimulant, antimicrobial, anti-catarrhal, alternative

The Baptist woman named TORI (tincTORIa) had some wildly (Wild indigo) huge infected boobs. It all started with several URTI’s and tons of mucus (immune stim and antimicrobial, anti-catarrhal). Her fever got so high she was delerius and exhausted but eventually returned to her self (alterative).

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11
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) indications

A

Upper respiratory infections with catarrh, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mastitis, delirium with fever, chronic fatigue.

The Baptist woman named TORI had some wildly huge infected boobs. It all started with several URTI’s and lots of mucus. Her fever got so high she was delerius and exhausted but eventually she returned to her normal self..

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12
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) s/e

A

G.I. irritation – nausea, vomiting

Wild Tori likes to party but always gets nauseas and vomits

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13
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) CI

A

Long – term use, high dose, pregnancy and lactation

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14
Q

Baptisia tinctoria (Wild indigo) interactions

A

N/A

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15
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) Constituents

A

Resins, gums, volatile oil, triterpenes, mucilage

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16
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) Actions

A

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antitussive

Com’on Mi PHORynx and Mouth hurts! (COM MI PHOR A Myrrh) And this damn cough makes me want honey but I can’t because it will mess with my diabetes. I guess I just have to suffer…myrrHA!!

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17
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) indications

A

Inflammation of the mouth and pharynx for topical application. Used internally as an expectorant for coughs.

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18
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) S/e

A

No health hazards reported with proper administration of therapeutic doses

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19
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) CI

A

Not to be used during pregnancy and lactation

commiPhora for Pregnancy

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20
Q

Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) Interactions

A

May potentiate insulin and hypoglycemic drugs – Metformin, glyburide, Rosiglitazone

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21
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) Constituents

A

polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, Oleic acid, linoleic fatty acids, amino acids

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22
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) actions

A

Bronchodilator, antibiotic, anti-cancer

It’s a SIN if your SIS (SINenSIS) whips your husband with CORDs to try and treat his impotence from pancreatic cancer. When they get found out, he has an asthma attack and starts couging until he gets weak that you can stab him with a dirty knife right into his bones (protects bone marrow) where he bleeds out (anemia). You walk away thinking if the wound doesn’t kill him, the acute infection will!

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23
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) Indications

A

Acute infection, anemia, protects bone marrow, fatigue, asthma, impotence, chronic cough, debility.

It’s a SIN if your SIS (SINenSIS) whips your husband with CORDs to try and treat his impotence from pancreatic cancer. When they get found out, he has an asthma attack and starts couging until he gets weak that you can stab him with a dirty knife right into his bones (protects bone marrow) where he bleeds out (anemia). You walk away thinking if the wound doesn’t kill him, the acute infection will!

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24
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) s/e

A

Toxic doses: constipation, abdominal distention, or irregular menstruation, amenorrhea

Cordycep is a fungus- eat too much fungus will make your stomach bloat and constipation happens when you have SIFO.

Cordyceps may increase testosterone levels impacting menstruation

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25
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) CI

A

N/A

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26
Q

Cordyceps sinensis (Catepillar fungus) interactions

A

Potentiates epinephrine

Your husband’s epinephrine was spiked when he was getting whiped with CORDs by your SIS.

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27
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort constituents

A

Volatile oils; naphthodianthrones (hypericin); phloroglucinols (hyperforin), catechins; proanthocyananidins; flavonoids (rutin)

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28
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort pharmacology

A

Comparable to trycyclic and SSRI, but with fewer side effects. Dose is dependent on inhibition of reuptake for noradrenaline and serotonin (5– HTP) at presynaptic axon membrane. Hyperforin may increase serotonin, lower cortisol and act and GABA receptors. Has antibacterial and anti-viral effects. Suppresses inflammation, leukocyte infiltration of wounds.

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29
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort actions

A

Anti-inflammatory, astringent, Vulnerary, nervine, antimicrobial

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30
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort Indications

A

Depression, anxiety. Inflammation of the skin, wounds and burns. Blunt injuries

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31
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort s/e

A

High doses with exposure to UV light causes photo sensitivity rash, alopecia, diarrhea, indigestion, fatigue, depression, elevated liver enzymes

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32
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort CI

A

Suicidal ideation, high doses and pregnancy

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33
Q

hypericum perforatum – St. John’s wort Interactions

A

Similar action to benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam), tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline), may cause serotonin syndrome with SSRIs (fluoxetine), used to wean patients off MAOI’s (phenelzine) potentiates antiretrovirals (zidovudine), antagonizes theophylline, cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin. INDUCES CYP450 3A4

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34
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) Constituents

A

Lignans, resins, flavonoids

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35
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) actions

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-neoplastic, anti-spasmodic, expectorant

Larry (Larrea) and his buddies tried (trid) a Dave Chapparral (Chapparral) show where there were a lot of nice tata’s (tridenTATA). Everyone drank lots of strong tasting (s/e) liquor that defintiely damages some livers which can lead to cancer. (CI: Liver dz, s/e’s: hepatotoxicity). People were so drunk they all ended up sleeping with all the tata’s. When they woke in the morning, they all had herpes, infections and skin comlpaints. There was lots of nausea and vomiting (s/e) with SOB (respiratory problems)

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36
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) Indications

A

Topical: herpes simplex, respiratory problems (poultice), skin complaints wash

Internal: allergic rhinitis; cancer; infections caused by bacteria, yeast, larva, viruses, parasites

Larry (Larrea) and his buddies tried (trid) a Dave Chapparral (Chapparral) show where there were a lot of nice tata’s (tridenTATA). Everyone drank lots of strong tasting liquor that defintiely damages some livers and can cause cancer (CI: Liver dz, s/e’s: hepatotoxicity). People were so drunk they all ended up sleeping with all the tata’s. When they woke in the morning, they all had herpes, infections (Bacteria, yeast, larvae, viruses and parasites) and skin comlpaints. There was a lot of nausea and vomiting with SOB (respiratory problems) and runny noses (rhinitis).

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37
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) s/e

A

Strong taste, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, possibly hepatotoxicity. Possible contact dermatitis

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38
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) CI

A

Liver disease, topically on large areas of broken skin, pregnancy, lactation, high doses, long – term use

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39
Q

Larrea tridentata (Chaparral) Interactions

A

Caution with Hepatotoxic drugs, inhibits CYP 450

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40
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) constituents

A

Alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, essential oils

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41
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) actions

A

Antimicrobial – infections in the respiratory tract. Antiviral, anti-septic. Stimulant, diaphoretic, carminative. Similar to lomatium dissectum.

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42
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) indications

A

Remedy for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including bronchitis, laryngitis. Viral infections – flu, fever, colds. Induces sweating

I swallowed my linguini (ligusticum) mushroom portibella (porteri) down the wrong pipe which made me sweat (diphoretic). Apparently, if you get fungus in the lungs, you’ll get a lung infection with fever, flu or cold. You’ll need to stimulate your immune system to beat it!

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43
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) s/e

A

N/A

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44
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) CI

A

Not to be used during pregnancy

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45
Q

Ligusticum porteri (Osha) Interactions

A

N/A

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46
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) Constituents

A

Sesquiterpenes, volatile oils

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47
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) actions

A

antiviral, antibacterial, fungicidal. Immune stimulant. anti-tussive, expectorant

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48
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) indications

A

Viral respiratory infection. cough, colds, bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, TB

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49
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) s/e

A

Photosensitization; self-limiting measles like rash caused by resin

Don’t lay your lo MAT in the sun. You’ll burn and get red like a rash!

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50
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) CI

A

Pregnancy. concurrent with UV therapy (skin rash)

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51
Q

Lomatium dissectum (indian balsam) Interactions

A

N/A

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52
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) constituents

A

Volatile oil: cineol (5%), terpinen-4-ol (40%), alpha-terpinene

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53
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) pharmacology

A

Tea tree causes auto lysis of bacteria during both exponential and stationary phase of bacterial cell growth. It’s effectiveness on the skin may also be attributed to its lipophilic nature causing it to penetrate the skin surface. Minimum bactericidal concentrations are typically close to 0.25% and many skin products range from one percent to 10%. Concentrations of tea tree oil greater than 300 MCG/ML had cytotoxic affects on fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Its action on staphylococcus aureus is most likely a membrane associated event. Tea tree oil inhibits cellular respiration and causes potassium leakage on E. coli cells, suggesting that it is a membrane active antibiotic.

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54
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) actions

A

antifungal, antimicrobial, antiseptic, immune stimulant

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55
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) indications

A

Topical: dermatophytosis (athlete’s foot), onychomycosis, acne, thrush, vaginitis

Staphylococcal skin infection, wounds, insect bites

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56
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) s/e

A

Burning sensation

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57
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) CI

A

Over large areas of broken skin, internal use

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58
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Interactions

A

N/A

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59
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) constituents

A

Olive oil: Chief fatty acids: oleic acid (56-83%), palmitic acid, linoleic acid. Sterols: beta-sitosterol. Tocopherols.

Olive leaves: iridoid nonterpenes: oleoropine, oleoroside. Triterpenes: oleanolic acid, maslinic acid. Flavonoids, chalcones.

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60
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) actiosn

A

Oil:

  • cardiprotective, hypotensive, hypocholesterolemic, vasodilator
  • Emollient, cholagogue, mild laxitive, nutritive (healthy fats)

Leaves:

  • Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antipyretic, antifungal
  • hypotensive, hypoglycemic
61
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) indications

A

Oil:

  • high cholesterol, arrhythmia, constipation
  • burns, bruises, sprains
  • pruritus, dry skin (with rosemary essential oil)
  • Carrier oil

Leaves:

  • Viral infections with fever and chills
  • cystitis, hypertension, hyperglycemia
62
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) s/e

A

GI distress, take after eating

63
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) CI

A

gallstones

64
Q

Oleu europea (Olive tree) interactions

A

May potentiate hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin, Glyburide, Rosiglitazone) and warfarin

65
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) constituents

A

Organic acids: usnic acid, barbatic acid

66
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) pharmacology

A

Usnic acid inhibits gram-positive bacteria, M tuberculum, pneumococcus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Cornybacterium diptheriae

67
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) actions

A

antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial. Bitter

68
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) indications

A

infections

69
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) s/e

A

Hepatoxicity when using isolated usnic acid

70
Q

Usnea barbata (old man’s beard) CI and Internactions

A

n/a

71
Q

Verbena officinalis (Vervain) constituents

A

Iridoid glycosides: verbanine, verbenaline. flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins

72
Q

Verbena officinalis (Vervain) pharmacology

A

Diaphoretic, expectorant, galactagogue, emmenagogue, anti-periodic (prevention of commonly reoccurring symptoms).

Vera Bena’s entire pregnancy she has been so sick with a sore throat and can barely breath because of all the mucus. She is so huge- all her joints are inflammed and hurt. She is a hot mess and sweating like a fat pig. She thought once she had the baby she would return back to normal (antiperiodic) but then she had no milk (galactagogue) to breastfeed and her period is scanty (emmenagogue).

73
Q

Verbena officinalis (Vervain) indications

A

Fever with cold or flu. Elements of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, such as sore throat and for disease of the respiratory tract can also be used externally as a gargle for cold symptoms

Vervain is also used for antipyretic treatment of skin disease and minor topical burns, and for arthritis, rheumatism, dislocations and contusions.

74
Q

Verbena officinalis (Vervain) s/es and interactions

A

N/A

75
Q

Verbena officinalis (Vervain) CI

A

Not to be used during pregnancy

76
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) Constituents

A

Triterpene glycoside, saponins, sterols, fatty acids, isoflavonoid compounds, animo acids, polysaccharides

77
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) Actions

A

Adaptogen, immune modulator, antibaterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic

78
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) indications

A

Deep immune system, allergies, respiratory infections. Cancer

79
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) s/e

A

May increase fibrin formation

80
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) CI

A

autoimmune disease

81
Q

Astragulus membranaceus (Astragulus, Huang-Qi) interactions

A

potentiates acyclovir, interferon -1 and -2, may antagonize croticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethoasone)

theoretical: reduce absorption of drugs due to action of polysaccharides

82
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) constituents

A

Alklamides, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, volatile oils

83
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) actions

A

immune stimulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mcirobial/bacterial/viral

Stimulates phagocytosis, activates macrophages

vulnerary (healing of wounds), alterative

84
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) indications

A

Influenza, upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngitis, tonsillitis – gargle, staphylococcus skin infection, vaginitis, mastitis, wounds, skin ulcer, acne, chronic skin disease, cancer, mild bacterial infection.

85
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) s/e

A

n/a

86
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) CI

A

Allergy to asteracea family; TB, MS, AIDS, HIV, autoimmune disease, possibly long term use.

87
Q

Echinacea species (Purple cone flower) interactions

A

May antagonize immune suppression therapy: adalimumab cyclosporine, corticosteroids – hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone.

88
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) constituents

A

Phenylpropanoid, triterpenoid saponins, glycosides, polysaccharides, coumarins

89
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) actions

A

Adaptogen, immune modulator, adrenal support

90
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) indications

A

Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, infection, fatigue, hypoadrenaocorticism. Lack of stamina, tendency to infection

91
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) s/e

A

N/A

92
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) CI

A

Long term use, acute infections, hypertension above 180/90 MM Hg

93
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) Interactions

A

Antagonize immune suppression therapy: adalimumab, cyclosporine, corticosteroids – hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone.

94
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) constituents

A

Polysaccharides and beta-glucans, ergosterol, triterpenes, oleic acid

95
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) actions

A

Deep immune activation, adaptogen, nervine, hypotensive. Anti-allergenic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antithrmbotic

96
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) indications

A

Allergies, bronco asthma, sinus issues. Hypertension, insomnia, atherosclerosis

97
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) s/e

A

Darkened stool, diarrhea alleviated by vitamin C coadministration

98
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) CI

A

Organ transplants and auto immune disorders

99
Q

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) interactions

A

Antagonizes immunosuppressants. Increases sleeping time induced by sedative medication (zolpidem). Caution with anticoagulants and cholesterol lowering drugs statins

100
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) constituents

A

Triterpene glycosides: glycyrrhizin. Flavonoids, polysaccharides, volatile oils

101
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) actions

A

Adaptogen, phytoestrogen, hepato-protective, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, demulcent, antiviral, antibacterial – H pylori

102
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) indications

A
  • Cough/bronchitis, catarrh of upper respiratory tract
  • Gastric/duodenal ulcers, sore throat, chronic gastritis
  • Appendicitis, constipation, increase milk production
    • Adrenocorticoid insufficiency, insomnia
103
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) s/e

A

May lead to pseudo aldosteronism –fatigue, edema, weight loss, hypertension, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, hypokalemia, encephalopathy; reduces thyroid activity.

104
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) CI

A

Hypertension, hyper aldosteronism, cirrhosis, hepatitis, CHF, diabetes, pregnancy, long-term use

105
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) Interactiosn

A

Potentiates cardiac glycosides – digoxin, convallaria, digitalis, Leonurus; corticosteroids – hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone; avoid hypokalemic drugs: diuretics furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide; antiarrhythmics – Atenolol, propranolol, amiodarone; pseudoephedrine, protects against mucosal damage from aspirin

106
Q

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese privet) constituents

A

Oeanolic acid, flavonoids

107
Q

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese privet) actions

A

Adaptogen, immune modulator, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic

108
Q

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese privet) indications

A

Infection, hypercholesterolemia, hepatitis, adjunct to chemotherapy -protects marrow

109
Q

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese privet) s/e and CI

A

n/a

110
Q

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese privet) interactions

A

May antagonize immune suppression therapy: adalimumab, cyclosporine, corticosteroids – hydrocortisone, prednisone dexamethasone.

111
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) constituents

A

Saponin glycosides, polysaccharids, volatile oils

112
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) actions

A

Adaptogen, vulnerary, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, phytoestrogen, Yang tonic (P gins), Yin tonic (P quin)

113
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) indications

A

Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, cancer, infection, possible autoimmune disease, male infertility, fatigue, stress, diabetes, hyper estrogen ism, hypo estrogen ism, opiate withdrawal – codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, methadone.

114
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) s/e

A

Nostalgia, postmenopausal bleeding, ginseng abuse syndrome: euphoria, diarrhea, nervousness, insomnia, I hypertension, skin eruption’s.

115
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) CI

A

Hypertension, hemorrhage, asthma, anxiety, depression, psoriasis, long-term use, high doses, pregnancy.

116
Q

Panax ginseng (korean ginseng)

panax quinquefolius (american ginseng) Interactions

A

May potentiate caffeine, MAOI’ S (phenelzine), morphine, insulin and hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin, glyburide, Rosiglitazone), immune drugs: amoxicillin, zidovudine, 5-fluorouracil, flu vaccine, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, methotrexate.

May antagonize warfarin, immune suppression therapy: adalimumab, cyclosporine, corticosteroids – hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone

117
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) constituents

A

Volatile oil, ascorbic acid, lignans, fatty oil

118
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) actions

A

Adaptogen, hepato-protective, stimulant, sedative, expectorant, antitussive, sexual tonic

119
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) indications

A

Chronic hepatitis, liver damage fatigue, physical stress debility, depression, insomnia, liver detoxification

120
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) S/e

A

N/a

121
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) CI

A

Epilepsy, severe hypertension, intracranial pressure

122
Q

Schisandra chinensis (Shisandra) Interactions

A

Potentiates barbiturates – phenobarbital; decreases acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, inhibits CYP 450, use for withdrawal from benzodiazepines alprazolam, diazepam; opiates – codeine, Hydro codeine, morphine, oxycodone, methadone.

123
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) constituents

A

Steroidal lactones: withanolides. alkaloids, iron

124
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) actions

A

Adaptogen (withanolides), immune modulator, hypotensive, sedative, enhances cognition

125
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) indications

A

Chronic stress, chronic inflammation, insomnia, nervous exhaustion, asthma, bronchitis, infection, anxiety, low libido due to exhaustion, opiate withdrawal (codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, methadone.)

126
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) s/e

A

n/a

127
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) CI

A

pregnancy

128
Q

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) interactions

A

Potentiates barbiturates ( phenobarbitol), epileptics (diazepam), may antagonize immune suppresion therapy: adalimumab, cyclosporine, corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethosone).

129
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) constituents

A

Cyclic peptide alkaloids, triterpenes: ceanothusic acid, ceanothenic acid

130
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) pharmacology

A

Tannins have an astringent effect from rat studies where the herb reduce blood clotting time by 25%. Results are difficult to assess to extrapolate to its application in human studies. The herbs useful as an astringent, expectorant and anti-spasmodic.

131
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) actions

A

Astringent, antispasmodic, splenic tone. hypotensive, sedative, expectorant

132
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) indicaitons

A

Fatty liver, hepatitis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bronchitis, asthma, cough, dysentery, G.I. bleeding, skin irritation and sores.

133
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) s/e and CI

A

n/a

134
Q

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey tea) interactions

A

May antagonize anticoagulants

135
Q

Galium aparine (cleavers) constituents

A

Iridois monoterpenes: asperuloside. Benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids: protopine. Quinazoline alkaloids, flavonoids

136
Q

Galium aparine (cleavers) actions

A

diuretic, anti-nodluar

137
Q

Galium aparine (cleavers) indications

A

Used externally and ulcers, festering glands, lumps in the breast and skin rashes. Also used for lower UTI, urolithiasis, lymphadenitis

138
Q

Galium aparine (cleavers) s/e, CI, interactions

A

N/a

139
Q

Iris versicolor (blue flag) constituents

A

Triterpenoids, resins, oleoresins, essential oils, tannins

140
Q

Iris versicolor (blue flag) actions

A

lymphatic alterative, cholagogue

141
Q

Iris versicolor (blue flag) indications

A

Blue flag is used in the treatment of skin disease like eczema and psoriasis; works mainly in the liver for detoxification. Indicated for enlarged thyroid and or lymphatic enlargement that is soft without pain or very little pain (check thyroid panel).

142
Q

Iris versicolor (blue flag) s/e, CI, interactions

A

N/A

143
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) constituents

A

Lectins, lignans, triterpne saponins, tannins, betacyans

144
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) actions

A

alterative, lymphatic, antiviral, saponins have the emetic (vomiting) effect

145
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) indications

A

Supports cleansing of the lymphatic glands, may be seen as a remedy for infections of the upper respiratory tract – Catarrh, tonsillitis, laryngitis, swollen glands and mumps. May be applied topically for mastitis.

146
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) s/e

A

In large doses, poke is powerful emetic and purgative

147
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) CI

A

Pregnancy, long-term use during lactation, high doses

148
Q

Phytolacca Americana (poke root) Interactions

A

n/a

NPLEX2 Botanicals (12 decks)

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